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                        <h1><a class="header" href="#make1" id="make1">make(1)</a></h1>
<h2><a class="header" href="#anatomy-of-make-rules" id="anatomy-of-make-rules">Anatomy of <code>make</code> rules</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-make">target .. : prerequisite ..
	recipe
	..
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><code>target</code>: an output generated by the rule</li>
<li><code>prerequisite</code>: an input that is used to generate the target</li>
<li><code>recipe</code>: list of actions to generate the output from the input</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>Use <code>make -p</code> to print all rules and variables (implicitly + explicitly defined).</p>
</blockquote>
<h2><a class="header" href="#pattern-rules--automatic-variables" id="pattern-rules--automatic-variables">Pattern rules &amp; Automatic variables</a></h2>
<h3><a class="header" href="#pattern-rules" id="pattern-rules">Pattern rules</a></h3>
<p>A pattern rule contains the <code>%</code> char (exactly one of them) and look like this example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-make">%.o : %.c
	$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $&lt; -o $@
</code></pre>
<p>The target matches files of the pattern <code>%.o</code>, where <code>%</code> matches any none-empty
substring and other character match just them self.</p>
<p>The substring matched by <code>%</code> is called the <code>stem</code>.</p>
<p><code>%</code> in the prerequisite stands for the matched <code>stem</code> in the target.</p>
<h3><a class="header" href="#automatic-variables" id="automatic-variables">Automatic variables</a></h3>
<p>As targets and prerequisites in pattern rules can't be spelled explicitly in
the recipe, make provides a set of automatic variables to work with:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>$@</code>: Name of the target that triggered the rule.</li>
<li><code>$&lt;</code>: Name of the first prerequisite.</li>
<li><code>$^</code>: Names of all prerequisites (without duplicates).</li>
<li><code>$+</code>: Names of all prerequisites (with duplicates).</li>
<li><code>$*</code>: Stem of the pattern rule.</li>
</ul>
<pre><code class="language-make"># file: Makefile

all: foobar blabla

foo% bla%: aaa bbb bbb
	@echo &quot;@ = $@&quot;
	@echo &quot;&lt; = $&lt;&quot;
	@echo &quot;^ = $^&quot;
	@echo &quot;+ = $+&quot;
	@echo &quot;* = $*&quot;
	@echo &quot;----&quot;

aaa:
bbb:
</code></pre>
<p>Running above <code>Makefile</code> gives:</p>
<pre><code class="language-test">@ = foobar
&lt; = aaa
^ = aaa bbb
+ = aaa bbb bbb
* = bar
----
@ = blabla
&lt; = aaa
^ = aaa bbb
+ = aaa bbb bbb
* = bla
----
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#useful-functions" id="useful-functions">Useful functions</a></h2>
<h3><a class="header" href="#substitution-references" id="substitution-references">Substitution references</a></h3>
<p>Substitute strings matching pattern in a list.</p>
<pre><code class="language-make">in  := a.o l.a c.o
out := $(in:.o=.c)
# =&gt; out = a.c l.a c.c
</code></pre>
<h3><a class="header" href="#filter" id="filter"><code>filter</code></a></h3>
<p>Keep strings matching a pattern in a list.</p>
<pre><code class="language-make">in  := a.a b.b c.c d.d
out := $(filter %.b %.c, $(in))
# =&gt; out = b.b c.c
</code></pre>
<h3><a class="header" href="#filter-out" id="filter-out"><code>filter-out</code></a></h3>
<p>Remove strings matching a pattern from a list.</p>
<pre><code class="language-make">in  := a.a b.b c.c d.d
out := $(filter-out %.b %.c, $(in))
# =&gt; out = a.a d.d
</code></pre>
<h3><a class="header" href="#abspath" id="abspath"><code>abspath</code></a></h3>
<p>Resolve each file name as absolute path (don't resolve symlinks).</p>
<pre><code class="language-make">$(abspath fname1 fname2 ..)

### `realpath`
Resolve each file name as canonical path.
```make
$(realpath fname1 fname2 ..)
</code></pre>

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