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                        <h1><a class="header" href="#git1" id="git1">git(1)</a></h1>
<h2><a class="header" href="#staging" id="staging">staging</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git add -p [&lt;file&gt;] ............ partial staging (interactive)
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#remote" id="remote">Remote</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git remote -v .................. list remotes verbose (with URLs)
  git remote show [-n] &lt;remote&gt; .. list info for &lt;remote&gt; (like remote HEAD,
                                   remote branches, tracking mapping)
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#branching" id="branching">Branching</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git branch [-a] ................ list available branches; -a to include
                                   remote branches
  git branch -vv ................. list branch &amp; annotate with head sha1 &amp;
                                   remote tracking branch
  git branch &lt;bname&gt; ............. create branch with name &lt;bname&gt;
  git checkout &lt;bname&gt; ........... switch to branch with name &lt;bname&gt;
  git push -u origin &lt;rbname&gt; .... push branch to origin (or other remote), and
                                   setup &lt;rbname&gt; as tracking branch
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#resetting" id="resetting">Resetting</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git reset [opt] &lt;ref|commit&gt;
    opt:
      --mixed .................... resets index, but not working tree
      --hard ..................... matches the working tree and index to that
                                   of the tree being switched to any changes to
                                   tracked files in the working tree since
                                   &lt;commit&gt; are lost
  git reset HEAD &lt;file&gt; .......... remove file from staging
  git reset --soft HEAD~1 ........ delete most recent commit but keep work
  git reset --hard HEAD~1 ........ delete most recent commit and delete work
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#tags" id="tags">Tags</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git tag -a &lt;tname&gt; -m &quot;descr&quot; ........ creates an annotated tag (full object
                                         containing tagger, date, ...)
  git tag -l ........................... list available tags
  git checkout tag/&lt;tname&gt; ............. checkout specific tag
  git checkout tag/&lt;tname&gt; -b &lt;bname&gt; .. checkout specific tag in a new branch
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#diff" id="diff">Diff</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git diff HEAD:&lt;fname&gt; origin/HEAD:&lt;fname&gt; ... diff files for different refs
  git diff -U$(wc -l &lt;fname&gt;) &lt;fname&gt; ......... shows complete file with diffs
                                                instead of usual diff snippets
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#log" id="log">Log</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git log --oneline .... shows log in single line per commit -&gt; alias for
                         '--pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit'
  git log --graph ...... text based graph of commit history
  git log --decorate ... decorate log with REFs
  git log -p &lt;file&gt; .... show commit history + diffs for &lt;file&gt;
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#patching" id="patching">Patching</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git format-patch &lt;opt&gt; &lt;since&gt;/&lt;revision range&gt;
    opt:
      -N ................... use [PATCH] instead [PATCH n/m] in subject when
                             generating patch description (for patches spanning
                             multiple commits)
      --start-number &lt;n&gt; ... start output file generation with &lt;n&gt; as start
                             number instead '1'
    since spcifier:
      -3 .................. e.g: create a patch from last three commits
      &lt;comit hash&gt; ........ create patch with commits starting after &lt;comit hash&gt;

  git am &lt;patch&gt; ......... apply patch and create a commit for it

  git apply --stat &lt;PATCH&gt; ... see which files the patch would change
  git apply --check &lt;PATCH&gt; .. see if the patch can be applied cleanly
  git apply &lt;PATCH&gt; .......... apply the patch locally without creating a commit

  # eg: generate patches for each commit from initial commit on
  git format-patch -N $(git rev-list --max-parents=0 HEAD)

  # generate single patch file from a certain commit/ref
  git format-patch &lt;COMMIT/REF&gt; --stdout &gt; my-patch.patch
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#submodules" id="submodules">Submodules</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git submodule add &lt;url&gt; [&lt;path&gt;] .......... add new submodule to current project
  git clone --recursive &lt;url&gt; ............... clone project and recursively all
                                              submodules (same as using
                                              'git submodule update --init
                                              --recursive' after clone)
  git submodule update --init --recursive ... checkout submodules recursively
                                              using the commit listed in the
                                              super-project (in detached HEAD)
  git submodule update --remote &lt;submod&gt; .... fetch &amp; merge remote changes for
                                              &lt;submod&gt;, this will pull
                                              origin/HEAD or a branch specified
                                              for the submodule
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#inspection" id="inspection">Inspection</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git ls-tree [-r] &lt;ref&gt; .... show git tree for &lt;ref&gt;, -r to recursively ls sub-trees
  git show &lt;obj&gt; ............ show &lt;obj&gt;
  git cat-file -p &lt;obj&gt; ..... print content of &lt;obj&gt;
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#revision-specifier" id="revision-specifier">Revision Specifier</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  HEAD ........ last commit
  HEAD~1 ...... last commit-1
  HEAD~N ...... last commit-N (linear backwards when in tree structure, check
                difference between HEAD^ and HEAD~)
  git rev-list --max-parents=0 HEAD ........... first commit
</code></pre>

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                        <h1><a class="header" href="#git1" id="git1">git(1)</a></h1>
<h2><a class="header" href="#staging" id="staging">staging</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git add -p [&lt;file&gt;] ............ partial staging (interactive)
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#remote" id="remote">Remote</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git remote -v .................. list remotes verbose (with URLs)
  git remote show [-n] &lt;remote&gt; .. list info for &lt;remote&gt; (like remote HEAD,
                                   remote branches, tracking mapping)
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#branching" id="branching">Branching</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git branch [-a] ................ list available branches; -a to include
                                   remote branches
  git branch -vv ................. list branch &amp; annotate with head sha1 &amp;
                                   remote tracking branch
  git branch &lt;bname&gt; ............. create branch with name &lt;bname&gt;
  git checkout &lt;bname&gt; ........... switch to branch with name &lt;bname&gt;
  git push -u origin &lt;rbname&gt; .... push branch to origin (or other remote), and
                                   setup &lt;rbname&gt; as tracking branch
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#resetting" id="resetting">Resetting</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git reset [opt] &lt;ref|commit&gt;
    opt:
      --mixed .................... resets index, but not working tree
      --hard ..................... matches the working tree and index to that
                                   of the tree being switched to any changes to
                                   tracked files in the working tree since
                                   &lt;commit&gt; are lost
  git reset HEAD &lt;file&gt; .......... remove file from staging
  git reset --soft HEAD~1 ........ delete most recent commit but keep work
  git reset --hard HEAD~1 ........ delete most recent commit and delete work
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#tags" id="tags">Tags</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git tag -a &lt;tname&gt; -m &quot;descr&quot; ........ creates an annotated tag (full object
                                         containing tagger, date, ...)
  git tag -l ........................... list available tags
  git checkout tag/&lt;tname&gt; ............. checkout specific tag
  git checkout tag/&lt;tname&gt; -b &lt;bname&gt; .. checkout specific tag in a new branch
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#diff" id="diff">Diff</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git diff HEAD:&lt;fname&gt; origin/HEAD:&lt;fname&gt; ... diff files for different refs
  git diff -U$(wc -l &lt;fname&gt;) &lt;fname&gt; ......... shows complete file with diffs
                                                instead of usual diff snippets
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#log" id="log">Log</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git log --oneline .... shows log in single line per commit -&gt; alias for
                         '--pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit'
  git log --graph ...... text based graph of commit history
  git log --decorate ... decorate log with REFs
  git log -p &lt;file&gt; .... show commit history + diffs for &lt;file&gt;
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#patching" id="patching">Patching</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git format-patch &lt;opt&gt; &lt;since&gt;/&lt;revision range&gt;
    opt:
      -N ................... use [PATCH] instead [PATCH n/m] in subject when
                             generating patch description (for patches spanning
                             multiple commits)
      --start-number &lt;n&gt; ... start output file generation with &lt;n&gt; as start
                             number instead '1'
    since spcifier:
      -3 .................. e.g: create a patch from last three commits
      &lt;comit hash&gt; ........ create patch with commits starting after &lt;comit hash&gt;

  git am &lt;patch&gt; ......... apply patch and create a commit for it

  git apply --stat &lt;PATCH&gt; ... see which files the patch would change
  git apply --check &lt;PATCH&gt; .. see if the patch can be applied cleanly
  git apply &lt;PATCH&gt; .......... apply the patch locally without creating a commit

  # eg: generate patches for each commit from initial commit on
  git format-patch -N $(git rev-list --max-parents=0 HEAD)

  # generate single patch file from a certain commit/ref
  git format-patch &lt;COMMIT/REF&gt; --stdout &gt; my-patch.patch
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#submodules" id="submodules">Submodules</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git submodule add &lt;url&gt; [&lt;path&gt;] .......... add new submodule to current project
  git clone --recursive &lt;url&gt; ............... clone project and recursively all
                                              submodules (same as using
                                              'git submodule update --init
                                              --recursive' after clone)
  git submodule update --init --recursive ... checkout submodules recursively
                                              using the commit listed in the
                                              super-project (in detached HEAD)
  git submodule update --remote &lt;submod&gt; .... fetch &amp; merge remote changes for
                                              &lt;submod&gt;, this will pull
                                              origin/HEAD or a branch specified
                                              for the submodule
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#inspection" id="inspection">Inspection</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git ls-tree [-r] &lt;ref&gt; .... show git tree for &lt;ref&gt;, -r to recursively ls sub-trees
  git show &lt;obj&gt; ............ show &lt;obj&gt;
  git cat-file -p &lt;obj&gt; ..... print content of &lt;obj&gt;
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#revision-specifier" id="revision-specifier">Revision Specifier</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  HEAD ........ last commit
  HEAD~1 ...... last commit-1
  HEAD~N ...... last commit-N (linear backwards when in tree structure, check
                difference between HEAD^ and HEAD~)
  git rev-list --max-parents=0 HEAD ........... first commit
</code></pre>

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