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                        <h1 id="git1"><a class="header" href="#git1">git(1)</a></h1>
<h2 id="working-areas"><a class="header" href="#working-areas">Working areas</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-text">+-------------------+ --- stash -----&gt; +-------+
| working directory |                  | stash |  // Shelving area.
+-------------------+ &lt;-- stash pop -- +-------+
      |       ^
     add      |
      |     reset
      v       |
+-------------------+
|   staging area    |
+-------------------+
      |
    commit
      |
      v
+-------------------+
| local repository  |
+-------------------+
      |       ^
     push     |
      |     fetch /
      |      pull
      v       |
+-------------------+
| remote repository |
+-------------------+
</code></pre>
<h2 id="staging"><a class="header" href="#staging">Staging</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git add -p [&lt;file&gt;] ............ partial staging (interactive)
</code></pre>
<h2 id="remote"><a class="header" href="#remote">Remote</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git remote -v .................. list remotes verbose (with URLs)
  git remote show [-n] &lt;remote&gt; .. list info for &lt;remote&gt; (like remote HEAD,
                                   remote branches, tracking mapping)
</code></pre>
<h2 id="branching"><a class="header" href="#branching">Branching</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git branch [-a] ................ list available branches; -a to include
                                   remote branches
  git branch -vv ................. list branch &amp; annotate with head sha1 &amp;
                                   remote tracking branch
  git branch &lt;bname&gt; ............. create local branch with name &lt;bname&gt;
  git branch -d &lt;bname&gt; .......... delete local branch with name &lt;bname&gt;
  git checkout &lt;bname&gt; ........... switch to branch with name &lt;bname&gt;
  git checkout --track &lt;branch&gt; .. start to locally track a remote branch

  # Remote

  git push -u origin &lt;rbname&gt; ........ push local branch to origin (or other
                                       remote), and setup &lt;rbname&gt; as tracking
                                       branch
  git push origin --delete &lt;rbname&gt; .. delete branch &lt;rbname&gt; from origin (or
                                       other remote)
</code></pre>
<h2 id="tags"><a class="header" href="#tags">Tags</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git tag -a &lt;tname&gt; -m &quot;descr&quot; ........ creates an annotated tag (full object
                                         containing tagger, date, ...)
  git tag -l ........................... list available tags
  git checkout tag/&lt;tname&gt; ............. checkout specific tag
  git checkout tag/&lt;tname&gt; -b &lt;bname&gt; .. checkout specific tag in a new branch

  # Remote

  git push origin --tags .... push local tags to origin (or other remote)
</code></pre>
<h2 id="log--commit-history"><a class="header" href="#log--commit-history">Log &amp; Commit History</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git log --oneline ......... shows log in single line per commit -&gt; alias for
                              '--pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit'
  git log --graph ........... text based graph of commit history
  git log --decorate ........ decorate log with REFs

  git log -p &lt;file&gt; ......... show commit history + diffs for &lt;file&gt;
  git log --oneline &lt;file&gt; .. show commit history for &lt;file&gt; in compact format
</code></pre>
<h2 id="diff--commit-info"><a class="header" href="#diff--commit-info">Diff &amp; Commit Info</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git diff &lt;commit&gt;..&lt;commit&gt; [&lt;file&gt;] .... show changes between two arbitrary
                                            commits. If one &lt;commit&gt; is omitted
                                            it is if HEAD is specified.
  git diff -U$(wc -l &lt;file&gt;) &lt;file&gt; ....... shows complete file with diffs
                                            instead of usual diff snippets
  git diff --staged ....................... show diffs of staged files

  git show --stat &lt;commit&gt; ................ show files changed by &lt;commit&gt;
  git show &lt;commit&gt; [&lt;file&gt;] .............. show diffs for &lt;commit&gt;

  git git show &lt;commit&gt;:&lt;file&gt; ............ show &lt;file&gt; at &lt;commit&gt;
</code></pre>
<h2 id="patching"><a class="header" href="#patching">Patching</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git format-patch &lt;opt&gt; &lt;since&gt;/&lt;revision range&gt;
    opt:
      -N ................... use [PATCH] instead [PATCH n/m] in subject when
                             generating patch description (for patches spanning
                             multiple commits)
      --start-number &lt;n&gt; ... start output file generation with &lt;n&gt; as start
                             number instead '1'
    since spcifier:
      -3 .................. e.g: create a patch from last three commits
      &lt;commit hash&gt; ....... create patch with commits starting after &lt;commit hash&gt;

  git am &lt;patch&gt; ......... apply patch and create a commit for it

  git apply --stat &lt;PATCH&gt; ... see which files the patch would change
  git apply --check &lt;PATCH&gt; .. see if the patch can be applied cleanly
  git apply &lt;PATCH&gt; .......... apply the patch locally without creating a commit

  # eg: generate patches for each commit from initial commit on
  git format-patch -N $(git rev-list --max-parents=0 HEAD)

  # generate single patch file from a certain commit/ref
  git format-patch &lt;COMMIT/REF&gt; --stdout &gt; my-patch.patch
</code></pre>
<h2 id="resetting"><a class="header" href="#resetting">Resetting</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git reset [opt] &lt;ref|commit&gt;
    opt:
      --mixed .................... resets index, but not working tree
      --hard ..................... matches the working tree and index to that
                                   of the tree being switched to any changes to
                                   tracked files in the working tree since
                                   &lt;commit&gt; are lost
  git reset HEAD &lt;file&gt; .......... remove file from staging
  git reset --soft HEAD~1 ........ delete most recent commit but keep work
  git reset --hard HEAD~1 ........ delete most recent commit and delete work
</code></pre>
<h2 id="submodules"><a class="header" href="#submodules">Submodules</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git submodule add &lt;url&gt; [&lt;path&gt;] .......... add new submodule to current project
  git clone --recursive &lt;url&gt; ............... clone project and recursively all
                                              submodules (same as using
                                              'git submodule update --init
                                              --recursive' after clone)
  git submodule update --init --recursive ... checkout submodules recursively
                                              using the commit listed in the
                                              super-project (in detached HEAD)
  git submodule update --remote &lt;submod&gt; .... fetch &amp; merge remote changes for
                                              &lt;submod&gt;, this will pull
                                              origin/HEAD or a branch specified
                                              for the submodule
  git diff --submodule ...................... show commits that are part of the
                                              submodule diff
</code></pre>
<h2 id="inspection"><a class="header" href="#inspection">Inspection</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  git ls-tree [-r] &lt;ref&gt; .... show git tree for &lt;ref&gt;, -r to recursively ls sub-trees
  git show &lt;obj&gt; ............ show &lt;obj&gt;
  git cat-file -p &lt;obj&gt; ..... print content of &lt;obj&gt;
</code></pre>
<h2 id="revision-specifier"><a class="header" href="#revision-specifier">Revision Specifier</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">  HEAD ........ last commit
  HEAD~1 ...... last commit-1
  HEAD~N ...... last commit-N (linear backwards when in tree structure, check
                difference between HEAD^ and HEAD~)
  git rev-list --max-parents=0 HEAD ........... first commit
</code></pre>

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