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                        <h1><a class="header" href="#qemu1" id="qemu1">qemu(1)</a></h1>
<p>All the examples &amp; notes use <code>qemu-system-x86_64</code> but in most cases
this can be swapped with the system emulator for other architectures.</p>
<h2><a class="header" href="#keybindings" id="keybindings">Keybindings</a></h2>
<p>Graphic mode:</p>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">Ctrl+Alt+g         release mouse capture from VM

Ctrl+Alt+1         switch to display of VM
Ctrl+Alt+2         switch to qemu monitor
</code></pre>
<p>No graphic mode:</p>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">Ctrl+a h           print help
Ctrl+a x           exit emulator
Ctrl+a c           switch between monitor and console
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#vm-config-snippet" id="vm-config-snippet">VM config snippet</a></h2>
<p>Following command-line gives a good starting point to assemble a VM:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">qemu-system-x86_64                              \
        -cpu host -enable-kvm -smp 4            \
        -m 8G                                   \
        -vga virtio -display sdl,gl=on          \
        -boot menu=on                           \
        -cdrom &lt;iso&gt;                            \
        -hda &lt;disk&gt;                             \
        -device qemu-xhci,id=xhci               \
        -device usb-host,bus=xhci.0,vendorid=0x05e1,productid=0x0408,id=capture-card
</code></pre>
<h3><a class="header" href="#cpu--ram" id="cpu--ram">CPU &amp; RAM</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><code>-cpu host</code> emulate host CPU in guest VM</li>
<li><code>-enable-kvm</code> use KVM instead software models (requires KVM on host machine)</li>
<li><code>-smp &lt;N&gt;</code> number of guest CPUs</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>List available CPUs <code>qemu-system-x86_64 -cpu help</code>.</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><code>-m 8G</code> size of guest RAM</li>
</ul>
<h3><a class="header" href="#graphic--display" id="graphic--display">Graphic &amp; Display</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><code>-vga virtio</code> use virtio as 3D video graphic accelerator (requires virgl in guest)</li>
<li><code>-display sdl,gl=on</code> use sdl window and enable openGL context</li>
</ul>
<h3><a class="header" href="#boot-menu" id="boot-menu">Boot Menu</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><code>-boot menu=on</code> enables boot menu to select boot device (enter with <code>ESC</code>)</li>
</ul>
<h3><a class="header" href="#block-devices" id="block-devices">Block devices</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><code>-cdrom &lt;iso&gt;</code> attach cdrom drive with iso to a VM</li>
<li><code>-hda &lt;disk&gt;</code> attach disk drive to a VM</li>
<li><code>-drive file=&lt;file&gt;,format=qcow2</code> generic way to configure &amp; attach a drive to a VM</li>
</ul>
<h4><a class="header" href="#create-a-disk-with-a-hrefhttpsqemureadthedocsioenlatesttoolsqemu-imghtmlqemu-imga" id="create-a-disk-with-a-hrefhttpsqemureadthedocsioenlatesttoolsqemu-imghtmlqemu-imga">Create a disk with <a href="https://qemu.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tools/qemu-img.html"><code>qemu-img</code></a></a></h4>
<p>To create a <code>qcow2</code> disk (qemu copy-on-write) of size <code>10G</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">qemu-img create -f qcow2 disk.qcow2 10G
</code></pre>
<p>The disk does not contain any <code>partitions</code> or a <code>partition table</code>.
We can format the disk from <strong>within the <strong>guest</strong></strong> as following example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash"># Create `gpt` partition table.
sudo parted /dev/sda mktable gpt

# Create two equally sized primary partitions.
sudo parted /dev/sda mkpart primary 0% 50%
sudo parted /dev/sda mkpart primary 50% 100%

# Create filesystem on each partition.
sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda1
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2

lsblk -f /dev/sda
  NAME   FSTYPE LABEL UUID FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT
  sda
  ├─sda1 ext3         ....
  └─sda2 ext4         ....
</code></pre>
<h3><a class="header" href="#usb" id="usb">USB</a></h3>
<h4><a class="header" href="#host-controller" id="host-controller">Host Controller</a></h4>
<ul>
<li><code>-device qemu-xhci,id=xhci</code> add XHCI USB controller to the VM (supports USB 3.0, 2.0, 1.1). <code>id=xhci</code> creates a usb bus named <code>xhci</code>.</li>
</ul>
<h4><a class="header" href="#usb-device" id="usb-device">USB Device</a></h4>
<ul>
<li><code>-device usb-host,bus=xhci.0,vendorid=0x05e1,productid=0x0408</code> pass-through USB device from host identified by vendorid &amp; productid and attach to usb bus <code>xhci.0</code> (defined with controller <code>id</code>)</li>
</ul>
<h2><a class="header" href="#debugging" id="debugging">Debugging</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><code>-gdb tcp::&lt;port&gt;</code> open gdbstub on tcp <code>&lt;port&gt;</code> (<code>-s</code> shorthand for <code>-gdb tcp::1234</code>).</li>
<li><code>-S</code> freeze CPU at startup.</li>
</ul>
<h2><a class="header" href="#references" id="references">References</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/qemu/qemu/blob/master/docs/usb2.txt">QEMU USB</a></li>
<li><a href="https://qemu.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tools/qemu-img.html">QEMU IMG</a></li>
<li><a href="https://qemu.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tools/index.html">QEMU Tools</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.qemu.org/docs/master/system/index.html">QEMU System</a></li>
</ul>

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