aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiffhomepage
path: root/arch/armv7.html
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorjohannst <johannst@users.noreply.github.com>2021-02-28 20:37:15 +0000
committerjohannst <johannst@users.noreply.github.com>2021-02-28 20:37:15 +0000
commitfe84155562f3e6d51b94155197ab5606f2e3bebe (patch)
tree86ad1593fee654a8e35f4251bc32eb83a49fe388 /arch/armv7.html
parenta2c2408d431a55d5b1db44fbb2495a83f52cfcaf (diff)
downloadnotes-fe84155562f3e6d51b94155197ab5606f2e3bebe.tar.gz
notes-fe84155562f3e6d51b94155197ab5606f2e3bebe.zip
deploy: 5e76b1948f7d7f499993862933f0622cf76d83ff
Diffstat (limited to 'arch/armv7.html')
-rw-r--r--arch/armv7.html451
1 files changed, 451 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/arch/armv7.html b/arch/armv7.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..940d518
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/armv7.html
@@ -0,0 +1,451 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML>
+<html lang="en" class="sidebar-visible no-js light">
+ <head>
+ <!-- Book generated using mdBook -->
+ <meta charset="UTF-8">
+ <title>armv7 - Notes</title>
+
+
+ <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
+ <meta name="description" content="">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+ <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff" />
+
+ <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../favicon.png">
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/variables.css">
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/general.css">
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/chrome.css">
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/print.css" media="print">
+
+ <!-- Fonts -->
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../FontAwesome/css/font-awesome.css">
+ <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300italic,400italic,600italic,700italic,800italic,400,300,600,700,800" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
+ <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Code+Pro:500" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
+
+ <!-- Highlight.js Stylesheets -->
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../highlight.css">
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../tomorrow-night.css">
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../ayu-highlight.css">
+
+ <!-- Custom theme stylesheets -->
+
+
+
+ </head>
+ <body>
+ <!-- Provide site root to javascript -->
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ var path_to_root = "../";
+ var default_theme = window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches ? "light" : "light";
+ </script>
+
+ <!-- Work around some values being stored in localStorage wrapped in quotes -->
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ try {
+ var theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme');
+ var sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar');
+
+ if (theme.startsWith('"') && theme.endsWith('"')) {
+ localStorage.setItem('mdbook-theme', theme.slice(1, theme.length - 1));
+ }
+
+ if (sidebar.startsWith('"') && sidebar.endsWith('"')) {
+ localStorage.setItem('mdbook-sidebar', sidebar.slice(1, sidebar.length - 1));
+ }
+ } catch (e) { }
+ </script>
+
+ <!-- Set the theme before any content is loaded, prevents flash -->
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ var theme;
+ try { theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme'); } catch(e) { }
+ if (theme === null || theme === undefined) { theme = default_theme; }
+ var html = document.querySelector('html');
+ html.classList.remove('no-js')
+ html.classList.remove('light')
+ html.classList.add(theme);
+ html.classList.add('js');
+ </script>
+
+ <!-- Hide / unhide sidebar before it is displayed -->
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ var html = document.querySelector('html');
+ var sidebar = 'hidden';
+ if (document.body.clientWidth >= 1080) {
+ try { sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar'); } catch(e) { }
+ sidebar = sidebar || 'visible';
+ }
+ html.classList.remove('sidebar-visible');
+ html.classList.add("sidebar-" + sidebar);
+ </script>
+
+ <nav id="sidebar" class="sidebar" aria-label="Table of contents">
+ <div id="sidebar-scrollbox" class="sidebar-scrollbox">
+ <ol class="chapter"><li class="expanded affix "><a href="../intro.html">Introduction</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Tools</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/zsh.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> zsh</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/bash.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> bash</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/fish.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> fish</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/tmux.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> tmux</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/git.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> git</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/awk.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> awk</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/emacs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> emacs</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/gpg.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> gpg</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/gdb.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.9.</strong> gdb</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/radare2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.10.</strong> radare2</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/qemu.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.11.</strong> qemu</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Resource analysis &amp; monitor</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/lsof.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> lsof</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/ss.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> ss</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pidstat.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> pidstat</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pgrep.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> pgrep</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pmap.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> pmap</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pstack.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> pstack</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Trace and Profile</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/strace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> strace</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/ltrace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> ltrace</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/perf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> perf</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/oprofile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> OProfile</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/time.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> time</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Binary</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/od.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> od</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/xxd.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> xxd</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/readelf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> readelf</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/objdump.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> objdump</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/nm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.</strong> nm</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Development</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/c++filt.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> c++filt</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/c++.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> c++</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/glibc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> glibc</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/gcc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> gcc</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/make.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> make</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/ld.so.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> ld.so</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../arch/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Arch</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../arch/x86_64.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> x86_64</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../arch/arm64.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> arm64</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../arch/armv7.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.3.</strong> armv7</a></li></ol></li></ol>
+ </div>
+ <div id="sidebar-resize-handle" class="sidebar-resize-handle"></div>
+ </nav>
+
+ <div id="page-wrapper" class="page-wrapper">
+
+ <div class="page">
+
+ <div id="menu-bar" class="menu-bar">
+ <div id="menu-bar-sticky-container">
+ <div class="left-buttons">
+ <button id="sidebar-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Toggle Table of Contents" aria-label="Toggle Table of Contents" aria-controls="sidebar">
+ <i class="fa fa-bars"></i>
+ </button>
+ <button id="theme-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Change theme" aria-label="Change theme" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="theme-list">
+ <i class="fa fa-paint-brush"></i>
+ </button>
+ <ul id="theme-list" class="theme-popup" aria-label="Themes" role="menu">
+ <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="light">Light (default)</button></li>
+ <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="rust">Rust</button></li>
+ <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="coal">Coal</button></li>
+ <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="navy">Navy</button></li>
+ <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="ayu">Ayu</button></li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <button id="search-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Search. (Shortkey: s)" aria-label="Toggle Searchbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-keyshortcuts="S" aria-controls="searchbar">
+ <i class="fa fa-search"></i>
+ </button>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <h1 class="menu-title">Notes</h1>
+
+ <div class="right-buttons">
+ <a href="../print.html" title="Print this book" aria-label="Print this book">
+ <i id="print-button" class="fa fa-print"></i>
+ </a>
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div id="search-wrapper" class="hidden">
+ <form id="searchbar-outer" class="searchbar-outer">
+ <input type="search" name="search" id="searchbar" name="searchbar" placeholder="Search this book ..." aria-controls="searchresults-outer" aria-describedby="searchresults-header">
+ </form>
+ <div id="searchresults-outer" class="searchresults-outer hidden">
+ <div id="searchresults-header" class="searchresults-header"></div>
+ <ul id="searchresults">
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+
+ <!-- Apply ARIA attributes after the sidebar and the sidebar toggle button are added to the DOM -->
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ document.getElementById('sidebar-toggle').setAttribute('aria-expanded', sidebar === 'visible');
+ document.getElementById('sidebar').setAttribute('aria-hidden', sidebar !== 'visible');
+ Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('#sidebar a')).forEach(function(link) {
+ link.setAttribute('tabIndex', sidebar === 'visible' ? 0 : -1);
+ });
+ </script>
+
+ <div id="content" class="content">
+ <main>
+ <h1><a class="header" href="#armv7a" id="armv7a">armv7a</a></h1>
+<p>keywords: arm, armv7, abi</p>
+<ul>
+<li>ISA type: <code>RISC</code></li>
+<li>Endianness: <code>little</code>, <code>big</code></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="header" href="#registers" id="registers">Registers</a></h2>
+<h3><a class="header" href="#general-purpose-registers" id="general-purpose-registers">General purpose registers</a></h3>
+<pre><code class="language-markdown">bytes
+[3:0] alt desc
+---------------------------------------------
+r0-r12 general purpose registers
+r11 fp
+r13 sp stack pointer
+r14 lr link register
+r15 pc program counter
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="header" href="#special-registers" id="special-registers">Special registers</a></h3>
+<pre><code class="language-markdown">bytes
+[3:0] desc
+---------------------------------------------
+cpsr current program status register
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="header" href="#cpsr-register" id="cpsr-register">CPSR register</a></h3>
+<pre><code class="language-markdown">cpsr
+bits desc
+-----------------------------
+ [31] N negative flag
+ [30] Z zero flag
+ [29] C carry flag
+ [28] V overflow flag
+ [27] Q cummulative saturation (sticky)
+ [9] E load/store endianness
+ [8] A disable asynchronous aborts
+ [7] I disable IRQ
+ [6] F disable FIQ
+ [5] T indicate Thumb state
+[4:0] M process mode (USR, FIQ, IRQ, SVC, ABT, UND, SYS)
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="header" href="#instructions-cheatsheet" id="instructions-cheatsheet">Instructions cheatsheet</a></h2>
+<h3><a class="header" href="#accessing-system-registers" id="accessing-system-registers">Accessing system registers</a></h3>
+<p>Reading from system registers:</p>
+<pre><code class="language-armasm">mrs r0, cpsr // move cpsr into r0
+</code></pre>
+<p>Writing to system registers:</p>
+<pre><code class="language-armasm">msr cpsr, r0 // move r0 into cpsr
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="header" href="#control-flow" id="control-flow">Control Flow</a></h3>
+<pre><code class="language-armasm">b &lt;lable&gt; // relative forward/back branch
+bl &lt;lable&gt; // relative forward/back branch &amp; link return addr in r14 (LR)
+
+// branch &amp; exchange (can change between ARM &amp; Thumb instruction set)
+// bit Rm[0] == 0 -&gt; ARM
+// bit Rm[0] == 1 -&gt; Thumb
+bx &lt;Rm&gt; // absolute branch to address in register Rm
+blx &lt;Rm&gt; // absolute branch to address in register Rm &amp;
+ // link return addr in r14 (LR)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="header" href="#loadstore" id="loadstore">Load/Store</a></h3>
+<p>Different addressing modes.</p>
+<pre><code class="language-armasm">str r1, [r0] // [r0]=r1
+str r1, [r0, #4] // [r0+4]=r1
+str r1, [r0, #4]! // r0+=4; [r0]=r1
+str r1, [r0], 4 // [r0]=r1; r0+=4
+</code></pre>
+<p>Load/store multiple registers full-descending.</p>
+<pre><code class="language-armasm">stmfd r0!, {r1-r2, r5} // r0-=4; [r0]=r5
+ // r0-=4; [r0]=r2
+ // r0-=4; [r0]=r1
+ldmfd r0!, {r1-r2, r5} // r1=[r0]; r0+=4
+ // r2=[r0]; r0+=4
+ // r5=[r0]; r0+=4
+</code></pre>
+<blockquote>
+<p><code>!</code> is optional but has the effect to update the base pointer register <code>r0</code> here.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Push/Pop</p>
+<pre><code class="language-armasm">push {r0-r2} // effectively stmfd sp!, {r0-r2}
+pop {r0-r2} // effectively ldmfd sp!, {r0-r2}
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="header" href="#procedure-call-standard-arm-a-hrefhttpsgithubcomarm-softwareabi-aablobmasteraapcs32aapcs32rstaapcs32a" id="procedure-call-standard-arm-a-hrefhttpsgithubcomarm-softwareabi-aablobmasteraapcs32aapcs32rstaapcs32a">Procedure Call Standard ARM (<a href="https://github.com/ARM-software/abi-aa/blob/master/aapcs32/aapcs32.rst"><code>aapcs32</code></a>)</a></h2>
+<h3><a class="header" href="#passing-arguments-to-functions" id="passing-arguments-to-functions">Passing arguments to functions</a></h3>
+<ul>
+<li>integer/pointer arguments
+<pre><code class="language-markdown">reg arg
+-----------
+r0 1
+.. ..
+r3 4
+</code></pre>
+</li>
+<li>a double word (64bit) is passed in two consecutive registers (eg <code>r1+r2</code>)</li>
+<li>additional arguments are passed on the stack. Arguments are pushed
+<code>right-to-left (RTL)</code>, meaning next arguments are closer to current <code>sp</code>.
+<pre><code class="language-markdown">void take(..., int a5, int a6);
+ | | | ... | Hi
+ | +--&gt;| a6 | |
+ +----------&gt;| a5 | &lt;-SP |
+ +-----+ v
+ | ... | Lo
+</code></pre>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="header" href="#return-values-from-functions" id="return-values-from-functions">Return values from functions</a></h3>
+<ul>
+<li>integer/pointer return values
+<pre><code class="language-markdown">reg size
+-----------------
+r0 32 bit
+r0+r1 64 bit
+</code></pre>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="header" href="#callee-saved-registers" id="callee-saved-registers">Callee saved registers</a></h3>
+<ul>
+<li><code>r4</code> - <code>r11</code></li>
+<li><code>sp</code></li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="header" href="#stack" id="stack">Stack</a></h3>
+<ul>
+<li>full descending
+<ul>
+<li>full: <code>sp</code> points to the last used location (valid item)</li>
+<li>descending: stack grows downwards</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><code>sp</code> must be 4byte aligned (word boundary) at all time</li>
+<li><code>sp</code> must be 8byte aligned on public interface interfaces</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="header" href="#frame-chain" id="frame-chain">Frame chain</a></h3>
+<ul>
+<li>not strictly required by each platform</li>
+<li>linked list of stack-frames</li>
+<li>each frame links to the frame of its caller by a <code>frame record</code>
+<ul>
+<li>a frame record is described as a <code>(FP,LR)</code> pair (2x32bit)</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><code>r11 (FP)</code> must point to the frame record of the current stack-frame
+<pre><code class="language-markdown"> +------+ Hi
+ | 0 | frame0 |
+ +-&gt;| 0 | |
+ | | ... | |
+ | +------+ |
+ | | LR | frame1 |
+ +--| FP |&lt;-+ |
+ | ... | | |
+ +------+ | |
+ | LR | | current |
+r11 -&gt;| FP |--+ frame v
+ | ... | Lo
+</code></pre>
+</li>
+<li>end of the frame chain is indicated by following frame record <code>(0,-)</code></li>
+<li>location of the frame record in the stack frame is not specified</li>
+<li><code>r11</code> is not updated before the new frame record is fully constructed</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="header" href="#function-prologue--epilogue" id="function-prologue--epilogue">Function prologue &amp; epilogue</a></h3>
+<ul>
+<li>prologue
+<pre><code class="language-armasm">push {fp, lr}
+mov fp, sp // FP points to frame record
+</code></pre>
+</li>
+<li>epilogue
+<pre><code class="language-armasm">pop {fp, pc} // pop LR directly into PC
+</code></pre>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="header" href="#asm-skeleton" id="asm-skeleton">ASM skeleton</a></h2>
+<p>Small assembler skeleton, ready to use with following properties:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>use raw Linux syscalls (<code>man 2 syscall</code> for ABI)</li>
+<li>no <code>C runtime (crt)</code></li>
+<li>gnu assembler <a href="https://sourceware.org/binutils/docs/as"><code>gas</code></a></li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="language-armasm">// file: greet.S
+
+#include &lt;asm/unistd.h&gt; // syscall NRs
+
+ .arch armv7-a
+
+ .section .text, &quot;ax&quot;
+ .balign 4
+
+ // Emit `arm` instructions, same as `.arm` directive.
+ .code 32
+ .global _start
+_start:
+ // Branch with link and exchange instruction set.
+ blx _do_greet
+
+ mov r0, #0 // exit code
+ mov r7, #__NR_exit // exit(2) syscall
+ swi 0x0
+
+ // Emit `thumb` instructions, same as `.thumb` directive.
+ .code 16
+ .thumb_func
+_do_greet:
+ mov r0, #2 // fd
+ ldr r1, =greeting // buf
+ ldr r2, =greeting_len // &amp;len
+ ldr r2, [r2] // len
+ mov r7, #__NR_write // write(2) syscall
+ swi 0x0
+
+ // Branch and exchange instruction set.
+ bx lr
+
+ .balign 8 // align data on 8byte boundary
+ .section .rodata, &quot;a&quot;
+greeting:
+ .asciz &quot;Hi ASM-World!\n&quot;
+greeting_len:
+ .int .-greeting
+</code></pre>
+<blockquote>
+<p>man gcc: <code>file.S</code> assembler code that must be preprocessed.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>To cross-compile and run:</p>
+<pre><code class="language-bash">&gt; arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc -o greet greet.S -nostartfiles -nostdlib \
+ -Wl,--dynamic-linker=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/ld-linux.so.3 \
+ &amp;&amp; qemu-arm ./greet
+Hi ASM-World!
+</code></pre>
+<blockquote>
+<p>Cross-compiling on <code>Ubuntu 20.04 (x86_64)</code>, paths might differ on other
+distributions. Explicitly specifying the dynamic linker should not be
+required when compiling natively on arm.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h2><a class="header" href="#references" id="references">References</a></h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/ARM-software/abi-aa/blob/master/aapcs32/aapcs32.rst">Procedure Call Standard ARM</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://developer.arm.com/documentation/den0013/latest">ARMv7-A Programmer's Guide</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://developer.arm.com/documentation/ddi0406/latest">ARMv7-A Architecture Reference Manual</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://sourceware.org/binutils/docs/as">GNU Assembler</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://sourceware.org/binutils/docs/as/Pseudo-Ops.html#Pseudo-Ops">GNU Assembler Directives</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://sourceware.org/binutils/docs/as/ARM_002dDependent.html">GNU Assembler <code>ARM</code> dependent features</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+ </main>
+
+ <nav class="nav-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation">
+ <!-- Mobile navigation buttons -->
+
+ <a rel="prev" href="../arch/arm64.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left">
+ <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i>
+ </a>
+
+
+
+
+ <div style="clear: both"></div>
+ </nav>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <nav class="nav-wide-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation">
+
+ <a href="../arch/arm64.html" class="nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left">
+ <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i>
+ </a>
+
+
+
+ </nav>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ window.playpen_copyable = true;
+ </script>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <script src="../elasticlunr.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
+ <script src="../mark.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
+ <script src="../searcher.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
+
+
+ <script src="../clipboard.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
+ <script src="../highlight.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
+ <script src="../book.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
+
+ <!-- Custom JS scripts -->
+
+
+
+
+ </body>
+</html>
generated by cgit v1.2.3 (git 2.25.1) at 2024-11-21 21:44:06 +0000