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authorjohannst <johannst@users.noreply.github.com>2022-04-30 17:43:08 +0000
committerjohannst <johannst@users.noreply.github.com>2022-04-30 17:43:08 +0000
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+ <h1><a class="header" href="#riscv" id="riscv">riscv</a></h1>
+<p>keywords: rv32, rv64</p>
+<ul>
+<li>ISA type: <code>RISC</code></li>
+<li>Endianness: <code>little</code>, <code>big</code></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="header" href="#registers" id="registers">Registers</a></h2>
+<ul>
+<li>riscv32 =&gt; <code>XLEN=32</code></li>
+<li>riscv64 =&gt; <code>XLEN=64</code></li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="header" href="#general-purpose-registers" id="general-purpose-registers">General purpose registers</a></h3>
+<pre><code class="language-markdown">[XLEN-1:0] abi name desc
+---------------------------------------------
+x0 zero zero register
+x1 ra return addr
+x2 sp stack ptr
+x3 gp global ptr
+x4 tp thread ptr
+x5-x7 t0-t2 temp regs
+x8-x9 s0-s1 saved regs
+x10-x17 a0-a7 arg regs
+x18-x27 s2-s11 saved regs
+x28-x31 t3-t6 temp regs
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="header" href="#asm-skeleton" id="asm-skeleton">ASM skeleton</a></h2>
+<p>Small assembler skeleton, ready to use with following properties:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>use raw Linux syscalls (<code>man 2 syscall</code> for ABI)</li>
+<li>no <code>C runtime (crt)</code></li>
+<li>gnu assembler <a href="https://sourceware.org/binutils/docs/as"><code>gas</code></a></li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="language-mipsasm">// file: greet.S
+
+#include &lt;asm/unistd.h&gt; // syscall NRs
+
+ .section .text, &quot;ax&quot;, @progbits
+ .balign 4 // align code on 4byte boundary
+ .global _start
+_start:
+ li a0, 2 // fd
+ la a1, greeting // buf
+ ld a2, (greeting_len) // &amp;len
+ li a7, __NR_write // write(2) syscall
+ ecall
+
+ li a0, 42 // exit code
+ li a7, __NR_exit // exit(2) syscall
+ ecall
+
+ .balign 8 // align data on 8byte boundary
+ .section .rodata, &quot;a&quot;, @progbits
+greeting:
+ .asciz &quot;Hi ASM-World!\n&quot;
+greeting_len:
+ .int .-greeting
+</code></pre>
+<blockquote>
+<p>man gcc: <code>file.S</code> assembler code that must be preprocessed.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>To cross-compile and run:</p>
+<pre><code class="language-bash">&gt; riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -o greet greet.S -nostartfiles -nostdlib \
+ -Wl,--dynamic-linker=/usr/riscv64-linux-gnu/lib/ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1 \
+ &amp;&amp; qemu-riscv64 ./greet
+Hi ASM-World!
+</code></pre>
+<blockquote>
+<p>Cross-compiling on <code>Ubuntu 20.04 (x86_64)</code>, paths might differ on other
+distributions. Explicitly specifying the dynamic linker should not be
+required when compiling natively on riscv.</p>
+<p>Select dynamic linker according to abi used during compile &amp; link.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h2><a class="header" href="#references" id="references">References</a></h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://sourceware.org/binutils/docs/as">GNU Assembler</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://sourceware.org/binutils/docs/as/Pseudo-Ops.html#Pseudo-Ops">GNU Assembler Directives</a></li>
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