diff options
| author | johannst <johannst@users.noreply.github.com> | 2020-09-29 19:25:07 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | johannst <johannst@users.noreply.github.com> | 2020-09-29 19:25:07 +0000 |
| commit | 437b37306ec441823d401fe64fbf99936754b206 (patch) | |
| tree | f6ab9c88692f1fc5ca31840b5d898aee99f33d12 /arch | |
| parent | 28f631e02bbf7e4cbd763fc74c4941d3f55a030f (diff) | |
| download | notes-437b37306ec441823d401fe64fbf99936754b206.tar.gz notes-437b37306ec441823d401fe64fbf99936754b206.zip | |
deploy: 871f1a6f408a9b50182c8688d4aeec26bd6b2d93
Diffstat (limited to 'arch')
| -rw-r--r-- | arch/arm64.html | 409 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | arch/index.html | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | arch/x86_64.html | 36 |
3 files changed, 442 insertions, 6 deletions
diff --git a/arch/arm64.html b/arch/arm64.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a71c960 --- /dev/null +++ b/arch/arm64.html @@ -0,0 +1,409 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML> +<html lang="en" class="sidebar-visible no-js light"> + <head> + <!-- Book generated using mdBook --> + <meta charset="UTF-8"> + <title>arm64 - Notes</title> + + + <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"> + <meta name="description" content=""> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> + <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff" /> + + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../favicon.png"> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/variables.css"> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/general.css"> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/chrome.css"> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/print.css" media="print"> + + <!-- Fonts --> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../FontAwesome/css/font-awesome.css"> + <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300italic,400italic,600italic,700italic,800italic,400,300,600,700,800" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> + <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Code+Pro:500" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> + + <!-- Highlight.js Stylesheets --> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../highlight.css"> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../tomorrow-night.css"> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../ayu-highlight.css"> + + <!-- Custom theme stylesheets --> + + + + </head> + <body> + <!-- Provide site root to javascript --> + <script type="text/javascript"> + var path_to_root = "../"; + var default_theme = window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches ? "light" : "light"; + </script> + + <!-- Work around some values being stored in localStorage wrapped in quotes --> + <script type="text/javascript"> + try { + var theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme'); + var sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar'); + + if (theme.startsWith('"') && theme.endsWith('"')) { + localStorage.setItem('mdbook-theme', theme.slice(1, theme.length - 1)); + } + + if (sidebar.startsWith('"') && sidebar.endsWith('"')) { + localStorage.setItem('mdbook-sidebar', sidebar.slice(1, sidebar.length - 1)); + } + } catch (e) { } + </script> + + <!-- Set the theme before any content is loaded, prevents flash --> + <script type="text/javascript"> + var theme; + try { theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme'); } catch(e) { } + if (theme === null || theme === undefined) { theme = default_theme; } + var html = document.querySelector('html'); + html.classList.remove('no-js') + html.classList.remove('light') + html.classList.add(theme); + html.classList.add('js'); + </script> + + <!-- Hide / unhide sidebar before it is displayed --> + <script type="text/javascript"> + var html = document.querySelector('html'); + var sidebar = 'hidden'; + if (document.body.clientWidth >= 1080) { + try { sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar'); } catch(e) { } + sidebar = sidebar || 'visible'; + } + html.classList.remove('sidebar-visible'); + html.classList.add("sidebar-" + sidebar); + </script> + + <nav id="sidebar" class="sidebar" aria-label="Table of contents"> + <div id="sidebar-scrollbox" class="sidebar-scrollbox"> + <ol class="chapter"><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Tools</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/zsh.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> zsh</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/bash.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> bash</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/fish.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> fish</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/tmux.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> tmux</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/git.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> git</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/awk.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> awk</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/emacs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> emacs</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/gdb.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> gdb</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/radare2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.9.</strong> radare2</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Resource analysis & monitor</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/lsof.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> lsof</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pidstat.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> pidstat</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pgrep.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> pgrep</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pmap.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> pmap</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pstack.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> pstack</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Trace and Profile</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/strace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> strace</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/ltrace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> ltrace</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/perf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> perf</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/oprofile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> OProfile</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/time.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> time</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Binary</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/od.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> od</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/xxd.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> xxd</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/readelf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> readelf</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/objdump.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> objdump</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/nm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.</strong> nm</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Development</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/c++filt.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> c++filt</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/c++.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> c++</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/glibc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> glibc</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/gcc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> gcc</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/make.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> make</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/ld.so.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> ld.so</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../arch/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Arch</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../arch/x86_64.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> x86_64</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../arch/arm64.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> arm64</a></li></ol></li></ol> + </div> + <div id="sidebar-resize-handle" class="sidebar-resize-handle"></div> + </nav> + + <div id="page-wrapper" class="page-wrapper"> + + <div class="page"> + + <div id="menu-bar" class="menu-bar"> + <div id="menu-bar-sticky-container"> + <div class="left-buttons"> + <button id="sidebar-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Toggle Table of Contents" aria-label="Toggle Table of Contents" aria-controls="sidebar"> + <i class="fa fa-bars"></i> + </button> + <button id="theme-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Change theme" aria-label="Change theme" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="theme-list"> + <i class="fa fa-paint-brush"></i> + </button> + <ul id="theme-list" class="theme-popup" aria-label="Themes" role="menu"> + <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="light">Light (default)</button></li> + <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="rust">Rust</button></li> + <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="coal">Coal</button></li> + <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="navy">Navy</button></li> + <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="ayu">Ayu</button></li> + </ul> + + <button id="search-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Search. (Shortkey: s)" aria-label="Toggle Searchbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-keyshortcuts="S" aria-controls="searchbar"> + <i class="fa fa-search"></i> + </button> + + </div> + + <h1 class="menu-title">Notes</h1> + + <div class="right-buttons"> + <a href="../print.html" title="Print this book" aria-label="Print this book"> + <i id="print-button" class="fa fa-print"></i> + </a> + + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <div id="search-wrapper" class="hidden"> + <form id="searchbar-outer" class="searchbar-outer"> + <input type="search" name="search" id="searchbar" name="searchbar" placeholder="Search this book ..." aria-controls="searchresults-outer" aria-describedby="searchresults-header"> + </form> + <div id="searchresults-outer" class="searchresults-outer hidden"> + <div id="searchresults-header" class="searchresults-header"></div> + <ul id="searchresults"> + </ul> + </div> + </div> + + + <!-- Apply ARIA attributes after the sidebar and the sidebar toggle button are added to the DOM --> + <script type="text/javascript"> + document.getElementById('sidebar-toggle').setAttribute('aria-expanded', sidebar === 'visible'); + document.getElementById('sidebar').setAttribute('aria-hidden', sidebar !== 'visible'); + Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('#sidebar a')).forEach(function(link) { + link.setAttribute('tabIndex', sidebar === 'visible' ? 0 : -1); + }); + </script> + + <div id="content" class="content"> + <main> + <h1><a class="header" href="#arm64" id="arm64">arm64</a></h1> +<p>keywords: arm64, aarch64, abi</p> +<ul> +<li>64bit synonyms: <code>arm64</code>, <code>aarch64</code></li> +<li>ISA type: <code>RISC</code></li> +<li>Endianness: <code>little</code>, <code>big</code></li> +</ul> +<h2><a class="header" href="#registers" id="registers">Registers</a></h2> +<h3><a class="header" href="#general-purpose-registers" id="general-purpose-registers">General purpose registers</a></h3> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">bytes +[7:0] [3:0] desc +--------------------------------------------- +x0-x28 w0-w28 general purpose registers +x29 w29 frame pointer (FP) +x30 w30 link register (LR) +sp wsp stack pointer (SP) +pc program counter (PC) +xzr wzr zero register +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>Write to <code>wN</code> register clears upper 32bit.</p> +</blockquote> +<h3><a class="header" href="#special-registers-per-el" id="special-registers-per-el">Special registers per EL</a></h3> +<pre><code class="language-markdown">bytes +[7:0] desc +--------------------------------------------- +sp_el0 stack pointer EL0 + +sp_el1 stack pointer EL1 +elr_el1 exception link register EL1 +spsr_el1 saved process status register EL1 + +sp_el2 stack pointer EL2 +elr_el2 exception link register EL2 +spsr_el2 saved process status register EL2 + +sp_el3 stack pointer EL3 +elr_el3 exception link register EL3 +spsr_el3 saved process status register EL3 +</code></pre> +<h2><a class="header" href="#addressing" id="addressing">Addressing</a></h2> +<h3><a class="header" href="#offset" id="offset">Offset</a></h3> +<pre><code class="language-armasm">ldr x0, [x1] // x0 = [x1] +ldr x0, [x1, 8] // x0 = [x1 + 8] +ldr x0, [x1, x2, lsl #3] // x0 = [x1 + (x2<<3)] +ldr x0, [x1, w2, stxw] // x0 = [x1 + sign_ext(w2)] +ldr x0, [x1, w2, stxw #3] // x0 = [x1 + (sign_ext(w2)<<3)] +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>Shift amount can either be <code>0</code> or <code>log2(access_size_bytes)</code>. Eg for 8byte +access it can either be <code>{0, 3}</code>.</p> +</blockquote> +<h3><a class="header" href="#index" id="index">Index</a></h3> +<pre><code class="language-armasm">ldr x0, [x1, 8]! // pre-inc : x1+=8; x0 = [x1] +ldr x0, [x1], 8 // post-inc: x0 = [x1]; x1+=8 +</code></pre> +<h3><a class="header" href="#pair-access" id="pair-access">Pair access</a></h3> +<pre><code class="language-armasm">ldp x1, x2, [x0] // x1 = [x0]; x2 = [x0 + 8] +stp x1, x2, [x0] // [x0] = x1; [x0 + 8] = x2 +</code></pre> +<h2><a class="header" href="#procedure-call-standard-arm64-a-hrefhttpsgithubcomarm-softwareabi-aablobmasteraapcs64aapcs64rstaapcs64a" id="procedure-call-standard-arm64-a-hrefhttpsgithubcomarm-softwareabi-aablobmasteraapcs64aapcs64rstaapcs64a">Procedure Call Standard ARM64 (<a href="https://github.com/ARM-software/abi-aa/blob/master/aapcs64/aapcs64.rst"><code>aapcs64</code></a>)</a></h2> +<h3><a class="header" href="#passing-arguments-to-functions" id="passing-arguments-to-functions">Passing arguments to functions</a></h3> +<ul> +<li>Integer/Pointer arguments +<pre><code class="language-markdown">reg arg +----------- +x0 1 +.. .. +x7 8 +</code></pre> +</li> +<li>Additional arguments are passed on the stack. Arguments are pushed +<code>right-to-left (RTL)</code>, meaning next arguments are closer to current <code>sp</code>. +<pre><code class="language-markdown">void take(..., int a9, int a10); + | | | ... | Hi + | +-->| a10 | | + +---------->| a9 | <-SP | + +-----+ v + | ... | Lo +</code></pre> +</li> +</ul> +<h3><a class="header" href="#return-values-from-functions" id="return-values-from-functions">Return values from functions</a></h3> +<ul> +<li>Integer/Pointer return values +<pre><code class="language-markdown">reg size +----------------- +x0 64 bit +</code></pre> +</li> +</ul> +<h3><a class="header" href="#callee-saved-registers" id="callee-saved-registers">Callee saved registers</a></h3> +<ul> +<li><code>x19</code> - <code>x28</code></li> +<li><code>SP</code></li> +</ul> +<h3><a class="header" href="#stack" id="stack">Stack</a></h3> +<ul> +<li>grows downwards</li> +<li><code>sp</code> must be 16byte aligned when used to access memory for r/w</li> +<li><code>sp</code> must be 16byte aligned on public interface interfaces</li> +</ul> +<h3><a class="header" href="#frame-chain" id="frame-chain">Frame chain</a></h3> +<ul> +<li>linked list of stack-frames</li> +<li>each frame links to the frame of its caller by a <code>frame record</code> +<ul> +<li>a frame record is described as a <code>(FP,LR)</code> pair</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><code>x29 (FP)</code> must point to the frame record of the current stack-frame +<pre><code class="language-markdown"> +------+ Hi + | 0 | frame0 | + +->| 0 | | + | | ... | | + | +------+ | + | | LR | frame1 | + +--| FP |<-+ | + | ... | | | + +------+ | | + | LR | | current | +x29 ->| FP |--+ frame v + | ... | Lo +</code></pre> +</li> +<li>end of the frame chain is indicated by following frame record <code>(0,-)</code></li> +<li>location of the frame record in the stack frame is not specified</li> +</ul> +<h3><a class="header" href="#function-prologue--epilogue" id="function-prologue--epilogue">Function prologue & epilogue</a></h3> +<ul> +<li>prologue +<pre><code class="language-armasm">sub sp, sp, 16 +stp x29, x30, [sp] // [sp] = x29; [sp + 8] = x30 +mov x29, sp // FP points to frame record +</code></pre> +</li> +<li>epilogue +<pre><code class="language-armasm">ldp x29, x30, [sp] // x29 = [sp]; x30 = [sp + 8] +add sp, sp, 16 +ret +</code></pre> +</li> +</ul> +<h2><a class="header" href="#asm-skeleton" id="asm-skeleton">ASM skeleton</a></h2> +<p>Small assembler skeleton, ready to use with following properties:</p> +<ul> +<li>use raw Linux syscalls (<code>man 2 syscall</code> for ABI)</li> +<li>no <code>C runtime (crt)</code></li> +<li>gnu assembler <a href="https://sourceware.org/binutils/docs/as"><code>gas</code></a></li> +</ul> +<pre><code class="language-armasm">// file: greet.S + +#include <asm/unistd.h> // syscall NRs + + .arch armv8-a + + .section .text, "ax", @progbits + .balign 4 // align code on 4byte boundary + .global _start +_start: + mov x0, 2 // fd + ldr x1, =greeting // buf + ldr x2, =greeting_len // &len + ldr x2, [x2] // len + mov w8, __NR_write // write(2) syscall + svc 0 + + mov x0, 0 // exit code + mov w8, __NR_exit // exit(2) syscall + svc 0 + + .balign 8 // align data on 8byte boundary + .section .rodata, "a", @progbits +greeting: + .asciz "Hi ASM-World!\n" +greeting_len: + .int .-greeting +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>man gcc: <code>file.S</code> assembler code that must be preprocessed.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>To cross-compile and run:</p> +<pre><code class="language-bash">> aarch64-linux-gnu-g++ -o greet greet.S -nostartfiles -nostdlib \ + -Wl,--dynamic-linker=/usr/aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1 \ + && qemu-aarch64 ./greet +Hi ASM-World! +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>Cross-compiling on <code>Ubuntu 20.04</code>, paths might differ on other distributions. +Compiling natively on arm64, specifying the dynamic linker should not be required.</p> +</blockquote> +<h2><a class="header" href="#references" id="references">References</a></h2> +<ul> +<li><a href="https://github.com/ARM-software/abi-aa/blob/master/aapcs64/aapcs64.rst">Procedure Call Standard ARM64</a></li> +<li><a href="https://developer.arm.com/documentation/den0024/a">ARMv8 Programmer's Guide</a></li> +<li><a href="https://sourceware.org/binutils/docs/as">GNU Assembler</a></li> +<li><a href="https://sourceware.org/binutils/docs/as/Pseudo-Ops.html#Pseudo-Ops">GNU Assembler Directives</a></li> +</ul> + + </main> + + <nav class="nav-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation"> + <!-- Mobile navigation buttons --> + + <a rel="prev" href="../arch/x86_64.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left"> + <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> + </a> + + + + + <div style="clear: both"></div> + </nav> + </div> + </div> + + <nav class="nav-wide-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation"> + + <a href="../arch/x86_64.html" class="nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left"> + <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> + </a> + + + + </nav> + + </div> + + + + + + + + + <script type="text/javascript"> + window.playpen_copyable = true; + </script> + + + + + + <script src="../elasticlunr.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> + <script src="../mark.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> + <script src="../searcher.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> + + + <script src="../clipboard.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> + <script src="../highlight.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> + <script src="../book.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> + + <!-- Custom JS scripts --> + + + + + </body> +</html> diff --git a/arch/index.html b/arch/index.html index 3c3af0e..1c04279 100644 --- a/arch/index.html +++ b/arch/index.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ <nav id="sidebar" class="sidebar" aria-label="Table of contents"> <div id="sidebar-scrollbox" class="sidebar-scrollbox"> - <ol class="chapter"><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Tools</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/zsh.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> zsh</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/bash.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> bash</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/fish.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> fish</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/tmux.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> tmux</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/git.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> git</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/awk.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> awk</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/emacs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> emacs</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/gdb.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> gdb</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/radare2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.9.</strong> radare2</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Resource analysis & monitor</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/lsof.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> lsof</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pidstat.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> pidstat</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pgrep.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> pgrep</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pmap.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> pmap</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pstack.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> pstack</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Trace and Profile</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/strace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> strace</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/ltrace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> ltrace</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/perf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> perf</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/oprofile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> OProfile</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/time.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> time</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Binary</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/od.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> od</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/xxd.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> xxd</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/readelf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> readelf</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/objdump.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> objdump</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/nm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.</strong> nm</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Development</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/c++filt.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> c++filt</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/c++.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> c++</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/glibc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> glibc</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/gcc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> gcc</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/make.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> make</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/ld.so.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> ld.so</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../arch/index.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Arch</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../arch/x86_64.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> x86_64</a></li></ol></li></ol> + <ol class="chapter"><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Tools</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/zsh.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> zsh</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/bash.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> bash</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/fish.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> fish</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/tmux.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> tmux</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/git.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> git</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/awk.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> awk</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/emacs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> emacs</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/gdb.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> gdb</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/radare2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.9.</strong> radare2</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Resource analysis & monitor</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/lsof.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> lsof</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pidstat.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> pidstat</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pgrep.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> pgrep</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pmap.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> pmap</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pstack.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> pstack</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Trace and Profile</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/strace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> strace</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/ltrace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> ltrace</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/perf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> perf</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/oprofile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> OProfile</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/time.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> time</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Binary</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/od.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> od</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/xxd.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> xxd</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/readelf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> readelf</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/objdump.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> objdump</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/nm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.</strong> nm</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Development</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/c++filt.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> c++filt</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/c++.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> c++</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/glibc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> glibc</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/gcc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> gcc</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/make.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> make</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/ld.so.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> ld.so</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../arch/index.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Arch</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../arch/x86_64.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> x86_64</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../arch/arm64.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> arm64</a></li></ol></li></ol> </div> <div id="sidebar-resize-handle" class="sidebar-resize-handle"></div> </nav> @@ -151,6 +151,7 @@ <h1><a class="header" href="#arch" id="arch">Arch</a></h1> <ul> <li><a href="./x86_64.html">x86_64</a></li> +<li><a href="./arm64.html">arm64</a></li> </ul> </main> diff --git a/arch/x86_64.html b/arch/x86_64.html index 26679a1..19a9f09 100644 --- a/arch/x86_64.html +++ b/arch/x86_64.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ <nav id="sidebar" class="sidebar" aria-label="Table of contents"> <div id="sidebar-scrollbox" class="sidebar-scrollbox"> - <ol class="chapter"><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Tools</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/zsh.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> zsh</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/bash.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> bash</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/fish.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> fish</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/tmux.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> tmux</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/git.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> git</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/awk.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> awk</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/emacs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> emacs</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/gdb.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> gdb</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/radare2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.9.</strong> radare2</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Resource analysis & monitor</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/lsof.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> lsof</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pidstat.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> pidstat</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pgrep.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> pgrep</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pmap.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> pmap</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pstack.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> pstack</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Trace and Profile</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/strace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> strace</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/ltrace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> ltrace</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/perf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> perf</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/oprofile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> OProfile</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/time.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> time</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Binary</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/od.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> od</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/xxd.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> xxd</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/readelf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> readelf</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/objdump.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> objdump</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/nm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.</strong> nm</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Development</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/c++filt.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> c++filt</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/c++.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> c++</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/glibc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> glibc</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/gcc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> gcc</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/make.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> make</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/ld.so.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> ld.so</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../arch/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Arch</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../arch/x86_64.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> x86_64</a></li></ol></li></ol> + <ol class="chapter"><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Tools</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/zsh.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> zsh</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/bash.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> bash</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/fish.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> fish</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/tmux.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> tmux</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/git.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> git</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/awk.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> awk</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/emacs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> emacs</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/gdb.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> gdb</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/radare2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.9.</strong> radare2</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Resource analysis & monitor</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/lsof.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> lsof</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pidstat.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> pidstat</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pgrep.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> pgrep</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pmap.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> pmap</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pstack.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> pstack</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Trace and Profile</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/strace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> strace</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/ltrace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> ltrace</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/perf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> perf</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/oprofile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> OProfile</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/time.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> time</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Binary</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/od.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> od</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/xxd.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> xxd</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/readelf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> readelf</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/objdump.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> objdump</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/nm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.</strong> nm</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Development</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/c++filt.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> c++filt</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/c++.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> c++</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/glibc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> glibc</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/gcc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> gcc</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/make.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> make</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/ld.so.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> ld.so</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../arch/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Arch</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../arch/x86_64.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> x86_64</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../arch/arm64.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> arm64</a></li></ol></li></ol> </div> <div id="sidebar-resize-handle" class="sidebar-resize-handle"></div> </nav> @@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ movw rax, [rbx+4*rcx] // load val at [rbx+4*rcx] into rax </code></pre> <h2><a class="header" href="#size-directives" id="size-directives">Size directives</a></h2> <p>Explicitly specify size of the operation.</p> -<pre><code class="language-nasm">mov byte ptr [rax], 0xff // save 1 byte(s) at [rax] +<pre><code class="language-x86asm">mov byte ptr [rax], 0xff // save 1 byte(s) at [rax] mov word ptr [rax], 0xff // save 2 byte(s) at [rax] mov dword ptr [rax], 0xff // save 4 byte(s) at [rax] mov qword ptr [rax], 0xff // save 8 byte(s) at [rax] @@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ r9 6 ----------- xmm0 1 .. .. -xmm7 7 +xmm7 8 </code></pre> </li> <li>Additional arguments are passed on the stack. Arguments are pushed @@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ must must save these registers in case they are used.</p> <ul> <li>grows downwards</li> <li>frames aligned on 16 byte boundary -<pre><code class="language-text">HI ADDR +<pre><code class="language-text">Hi ADDR | +------------+ | | prev frame | | +------------+ <--- 16 byte aligned (X & ~0xf) @@ -283,10 +283,26 @@ must must save these registers in case they are used.</p> | [rbp-8] | func stack | | | ... | v +------------+ -LO ADDR +Lo ADDR </code></pre> </li> </ul> +<h3><a class="header" href="#function-prologue--epilogue" id="function-prologue--epilogue">Function prologue & epilogue</a></h3> +<ul> +<li>prologue +<pre><code class="language-x86asm">push rbp // save caller base pointer +mov rbp, rsp // save caller stack pointer +</code></pre> +</li> +<li>epilogue +<pre><code class="language-x86asm">mov rsp, rbp // restore caller stack pointer +pop rbp // restore caller base pointer +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>Equivalent to <code>leave</code> instruction.</p> +</blockquote> +</li> +</ul> <h2><a class="header" href="#asm-skeleton" id="asm-skeleton">ASM skeleton</a></h2> <p>Small assembler skeleton, ready to use with following properties:</p> <ul> @@ -335,6 +351,8 @@ Hi ASM-World! <li><a href="https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/download/intel-64-and-ia-32-architectures-software-developers-manual-volume-1-basic-architecture.html">Intel 64 Vol1: Basic Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/download/intel-64-and-ia-32-architectures-sdm-combined-volumes-2a-2b-2c-and-2d-instruction-set-reference-a-z.html">Intel 64 Vol2: Instruction Set Reference</a></li> <li><a href="https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/download/intel-64-and-ia-32-architectures-sdm-combined-volumes-3a-3b-3c-and-3d-system-programming-guide.html">Intel 64 Vol3: System Programming Guide</a></li> +<li><a href="https://sourceware.org/binutils/docs/as">GNU Assembler</a></li> +<li><a href="https://sourceware.org/binutils/docs/as/Pseudo-Ops.html#Pseudo-Ops">GNU Assembler Directives</a></li> </ul> </main> @@ -348,6 +366,10 @@ Hi ASM-World! + <a rel="next" href="../arch/arm64.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right"> + <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> + </a> + <div style="clear: both"></div> </nav> @@ -362,6 +384,10 @@ Hi ASM-World! + <a href="../arch/arm64.html" class="nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right"> + <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> + </a> + </nav> </div> |