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authorjohannst <johannst@users.noreply.github.com>2022-03-15 17:05:22 +0000
committerjohannst <johannst@users.noreply.github.com>2022-03-15 17:05:22 +0000
commitbc55732c55a0c854f6e3c3cc40efd603907ecdcb (patch)
tree267813fb06d985e2047aa54224781740e965e130 /linux
parent78b3836acf005c33ec4cdcb453f518b6e099c346 (diff)
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+ <h1><a class="header" href="#core5" id="core5">core(5)</a></h1>
+<p>There are multiple requirements that must be satisfied that <code>coredumps</code> are
+being generated, a full list can be found in <a href="https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/core.5.html">core(5)</a>.</p>
+<p>An important one is to configure the soft resource limit <code>RLMIT_CORE</code>
+(typically as unlimited during debugging).
+In a typical bash/zsh this can be done as</p>
+<pre><code class="language-bash">ulimit -Sc unlimited
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="header" href="#naming-of-coredump-files" id="naming-of-coredump-files">Naming of coredump files</a></h2>
+<p>There are two important kernel configs to control the naming:</p>
+<pre><code class="language-config">/proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern
+ &lt;pattern&gt; =&gt; Specifies a name pattern for the coredump file. This can
+ include certain FORMAT specifier.
+ |&lt;cmdline&gt; =&gt; Coredump is pipe through stdin to the user space process
+ specified by the cmdline, this can also contain FORMAT specifier.
+
+ FORMAT specifier (full list, see core(5)):
+ %E Pathname of the executable ('/' replaced by '!').
+ %p PID of the dumping process in its pid namespace.
+ %P PID of the dumping process in the initial pid namespace.
+ %u Real UID of dumping process.
+ %s Signal number causing the dump.
+
+
+/proc/sys/kernel/core_uses_pid
+ 1 =&gt; Append &quot;.&lt;pid&gt;&quot; suffic to the coredump file name
+ (pid of the dumping process).
+ 0 =&gt; Do not append the suffix.
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="header" href="#control-which-segments-are-dumped" id="control-which-segments-are-dumped">Control which segments are dumped</a></h2>
+<p>Each process has a coredump filter defined in <code>/proc/&lt;pid&gt;/coredump_filter</code>
+which specifies which memory segments are being dumped.
+Filters are preseved across <code>fork/exec</code> calls and hence child processes inherit
+the parents filters.</p>
+<p>The filter is a bitmask where <code>1</code> indicates to dump the given type.</p>
+<pre><code>From core(5):
+ bit 0 Dump anonymous private mappings.
+ bit 1 Dump anonymous shared mappings.
+ bit 2 Dump file-backed private mappings.
+ bit 3 Dump file-backed shared mappings.
+ bit 4 Dump ELF headers.
+ bit 5 Dump private huge pages.
+ bit 6 Dump shared huge pages.
+ bit 7 Dump private DAX pages.
+ bit 8 Dump shared DAX pages.
+
+Default filter 0x33.
+</code></pre>
+<h1><a class="header" href="#some-examples-out-there" id="some-examples-out-there">Some examples out there</a></h1>
+<h2><a class="header" href="#coredumpctl-systemd" id="coredumpctl-systemd">coredumpctl (systemd)</a></h2>
+<pre><code class="language-bash"># List available coredumps.
+coredumpctl list
+ TIME PID UID GID SIG COREFILE EXE SIZE
+ ...
+ Fri 2022-03-11 12:10:48 CET 6363 1000 1000 SIGSEGV present /usr/bin/sleep 18.1K
+
+# Get detailed info on specific coredump.
+coredumpctl info 6363
+
+# Debug specific coredump.
+coredumpctl debug 6363
+
+# Dump specific coredump to file.
+coredumpctl dump 6363 -o &lt;file&gt;
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="header" href="#apport-ubuntu" id="apport-ubuntu">apport (ubuntu)</a></h2>
+<p>Known crash report locations:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>/var/crash</code></li>
+</ul>
+<p>To get to the raw coredump, crash reports can be unpacked as:</p>
+<pre><code class="language-bash">apport-unpack &lt;crash_repot&gt; &lt;dest_dir&gt;
+</code></pre>
+<p>The coredump resides under <code>&lt;dest_dir&gt;/CoreDump</code>.</p>
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+ <h1><a class="header" href="#ptrace_scope" id="ptrace_scope">ptrace_scope</a></h1>
+<p>In case the kernel was compiled with the <code>yama</code> security module
+(<code>CONFIG_SECURITY_YAMA</code>), tracing processes with <code>ptrace(2)</code> can be restricted.</p>
+<pre><code class="language-config">/proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope
+ 0 =&gt; No restrictions.
+ 1 =&gt; Restricted attach, only the following can attach
+ - A process in the parent hierarchy.
+ - A process with CAP_SYS_PTRACE.
+ - A process with the PID that the tracee allowed by via
+ PR_SET_PTRACER.
+ 2 =&gt; Only processes with CAP_SYS_PTRACE in the user namespace of the tracee
+ can attach.
+ 3 =&gt; No tracing allowed.
+</code></pre>
+<p>Further details in <a href="https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/ptrace.2.html"><code>ptrace(2)</code></a>.</p>
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+ <h1><a class="header" href="#systemd" id="systemd">systemd</a></h1>
+<h2><a class="header" href="#systemctl" id="systemctl">systemctl</a></h2>
+<p>Inspect units:</p>
+<pre><code class="language-text">systemctl [opts] [cmd]
+[opts]
+ --user
+
+[cmd]
+ list-units &lt;pattern&gt; List units in memory
+
+ status &lt;unit&gt; Show runtime status of unit
+
+ start &lt;unit&gt; Start a unit
+ stop &lt;unit&gt; Stop a unit
+ restart &lt;unit&gt; Restart a unit
+ reload &lt;unit&gt; Reload a unit
+
+ enable &lt;unit&gt; Enable a unit (persistent)
+ disable &lt;unit&gt; Disable a unit
+
+ cat &lt;unit&gt; Print unit file
+ show &lt;unit&gt; Show properties of unit
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="header" href="#example-trivial-user-unit" id="example-trivial-user-unit">Example: Trivial user unit</a></h3>
+<pre><code class="language-bash"># Generate unit
+mkdir -p ~/.config/systemd/user
+echo '[Unit]
+Description=Test logger
+
+[Service]
+Type=oneshot
+ExecStart=logger &quot;Hello from test unit&quot;' &gt; ~/.config/systemd/user/test.service
+
+# Run unit
+systemctl --user start test
+
+# See log message
+journalctl --user -u test -n 5
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="header" href="#journalctl" id="journalctl">journalctl</a></h2>
+<p>Inspect journal logs:</p>
+<pre><code class="language-text">journalctl [opts] [matches]
+ --user Current user journal (system by default)
+ -u &lt;unit&gt; Show logs for specified &lt;unit&gt;
+ -n &lt;lines&gt; Show only last &lt;lines&gt;
+ -f Follow journal
+ -g &lt;pattern&gt; Grep for &lt;pattern&gt;
+</code></pre>
+<p>Cleanup:</p>
+<pre><code class="language-text">journalctl [opts]
+ --disk-usage Show current disk usage
+ --vacuum-size=&lt;size&gt; Reduce journal log to &lt;size&gt; (K/M/G)
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="header" href="#references" id="references">References</a></h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/systemd.unit.5.html">man systemd.unit(5)</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/systemd.service.5.html">man systemd.service(5)</a></li>
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