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(Shortkey: s)" aria-label="Toggle Searchbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-keyshortcuts="S" aria-controls="searchbar"> - <i class="fa fa-search"></i> - </button> - - </div> - - <h1 class="menu-title">Notes</h1> - - <div class="right-buttons"> - <a href="print.html" title="Print this book" aria-label="Print this book"> - <i id="print-button" class="fa fa-print"></i> - </a> - - </div> - </div> - </div> - - - <div id="search-wrapper" class="hidden"> - <form id="searchbar-outer" class="searchbar-outer"> - <input type="search" name="search" id="searchbar" name="searchbar" placeholder="Search this book ..." aria-controls="searchresults-outer" aria-describedby="searchresults-header"> - </form> - <div id="searchresults-outer" class="searchresults-outer hidden"> - <div id="searchresults-header" class="searchresults-header"></div> - <ul id="searchresults"> - </ul> - </div> - </div> - - - <!-- Apply ARIA attributes after the sidebar and the sidebar toggle button are added to the DOM --> - <script type="text/javascript"> - document.getElementById('sidebar-toggle').setAttribute('aria-expanded', sidebar === 'visible'); - document.getElementById('sidebar').setAttribute('aria-hidden', sidebar !== 'visible'); - Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('#sidebar a')).forEach(function(link) { - link.setAttribute('tabIndex', sidebar === 'visible' ? 0 : -1); - }); - </script> - - <div id="content" class="content"> - <main> - <h1><a class="header" href="#bash1" id="bash1">bash(1)</a></h1> -<h2><a class="header" href="#expansion" id="expansion">Expansion</a></h2> -<h3><a class="header" href="#generator" id="generator">Generator</a></h3> -<pre><code class="language-bash"># generate sequence from n to m -{n..m} -# generate sequence from n to m step by s -{n..m..s} - -# expand cartesian product -{a,b}{c,d} -</code></pre> -<h3><a class="header" href="#parameter" id="parameter">Parameter</a></h3> -<pre><code class="language-bash"># default param -bar=${foo:-some_val} # if $foo set, then bar=$foo else bar=some_val - -# check param set -bar=${foo:?msg} # if $foo set, then bar=$foo else exit and print msg - -# indirect -FOO=foo -BAR=FOO -bar=${!BAR} # deref value of BAR -> bar=$FOO - -# prefix -${foo#prefix} # remove prefix when expanding $foo -# suffix -${foo%suffix} # remove suffix when expanding $foo - -# substitute -${foo/pattern/string} # replace pattern with string when expanding foo -# pattern starts with -# '/' replace all occurences of pattern -# '#' pattern match at beginning -# '%' pattern match at end -</code></pre> -<blockquote> -<p>Note: <code>prefix</code>/<code>suffix</code>/<code>pattern</code> are expanded as <a href="#pathname">pathnames</a>.</p> -</blockquote> -<h3><a class="header" href="#pathname" id="pathname">Pathname</a></h3> -<pre><code class="language-bash">* match any string -? match any single char -\\ match backslash -[abc] match any char of 'a' 'b' 'c' -[a-z] match any char between 'a' - 'z' -[^ab] negate, match all not 'a' 'b' -[:class:] match any char in class, available: - alnum,alpha,ascii,blank,cntrl,digit,graph,lower, - print,punct,space,upper,word,xdigit -</code></pre> -<p>Wit <code>extglob</code> shell option enabled it is possible to have more powerful -patterns. In the following <code>pattern-list</code> is one ore more patterns separated -by <code>|</code> char.</p> -<pre><code class="language-bash">?(pattern-list) matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns -*(pattern-list) matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns -+(pattern-list) matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns -@(pattern-list) matches one of the given patterns -!(pattern-list) matches anything except one of the given patterns -</code></pre> -<blockquote> -<p>Note: <code>shopt -s extglob</code>/<code>shopt -u extglob</code> to enable/disable <code>extglob</code> -option.</p> -</blockquote> -<h2><a class="header" href="#io-redirection" id="io-redirection">I/O redirection</a></h2> -<blockquote> -<p>Note: The trick with bash I/O redirection is to interpret from left-to-right.</p> -</blockquote> -<pre><code class="language-bash"># stdout & stderr to file -command >file 2>&1 -# equivalent -command &>file - -# stderr to stdout & stdout to file -command 2>&1 >file -</code></pre> -<h3><a class="header" href="#explanation" id="explanation">Explanation</a></h3> -<pre><code class="language-bash">j>&i -</code></pre> -<p>Duplicate <code>fd i</code> to <code>fd j</code>, making <code>j</code> a copy of <code>i</code>. See <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/dup.2.html">dup2(2)</a>.</p> -<p>Example:</p> -<pre><code class="language-bash">command 2>&1 >file -</code></pre> -<ol> -<li>duplicate <code>fd 1</code> to <code>fd 2</code>, effectively redirecting <code>stderr</code> to <code>stdout</code></li> -<li>redirect <code>stdout</code> to <code>file</code></li> -</ol> -<h2><a class="header" href="#completion" id="completion">Completion</a></h2> -<p>The <code>complete</code> builtin is used to interact with the completion system.</p> -<pre><code class="language-bash">complete # print currently installed completion handler -complete -F <func> <cmd> # install <func> as completion handler for <cmd> -complete -r <cmd> # uninstall completion handler for <cmd> -</code></pre> -<p>Variables available in completion functions:</p> -<pre><code class="language-bash"># in -$1 # <cmd> -$2 # current word -$3 # privous word - -COMP_WORDS # array with current command line words -COMP_CWORD # index into COMP_WORDS with current cursor position - -# out -COMPREPLY # array with possible completions -</code></pre> -<p>The <code>compgen</code> builtin is used to generate possible matches by comparing <code>word</code> -against words generated by <code>option</code>.</p> -<pre><code class="language-bash">compgen [option] [word] - -# usefule options: -# -W <list> specify list of possible completions -# -d generate list with dirs -# -f generate list with files -# -u generate list with users -# -e generate list with exported variables - -# compare "f" against words "foo" "foobar" "bar" and generate matches -compgen -W "foo foobar bar" "f" - -# compare "hom" against file/dir names and generate matches -compgen -d -f "hom" -</code></pre> -<h3><a class="header" href="#example" id="example">Example</a></h3> -<p>Skeleton to copy/paste for writing simple completions.</p> -<p>Assume a program <code>foo</code> with the following interface:</p> -<pre><code class="language-bash">foo -c green|red|blue -s low|high -f <file> -h -</code></pre> -<p>The completion handler could be implemented as follows:</p> -<pre><code class="language-bash">function _foo() { - local curr=$2 - local prev=$3 - - local opts="-c -s -f -h" - case $prev in - -c) COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "green red blue" -- $curr) );; - -s) COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "low high" -- $curr) );; - -f) COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -f -- $curr) );; - *) COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$opts" -- $curr) );; - esac -} - -complete -F _foo foo -</code></pre> - - </main> - - <nav class="nav-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation"> - <!-- Mobile navigation buttons --> - - <a rel="prev" href="git.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left"> - <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> - </a> - - - - <a rel="next" href="zsh.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right"> - <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> - </a> - - - <div style="clear: both"></div> - </nav> - </div> - </div> - - <nav class="nav-wide-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation"> - - <a href="git.html" class="nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left"> - <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> - </a> - - - - <a href="zsh.html" class="nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right"> - <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> - </a> - - </nav> - - </div> - - - - - - - - - <script type="text/javascript"> - window.playpen_copyable = true; - </script> - - - - - - <script src="elasticlunr.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> - <script src="mark.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> - <script src="searcher.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> - - - <script src="clipboard.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> - <script src="highlight.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> - <script src="book.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> - - <!-- Custom JS scripts --> - - - - - </body> -</html> |