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diff --git a/development/make.html b/development/make.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dba1c02 --- /dev/null +++ b/development/make.html @@ -0,0 +1,310 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML> +<html lang="en" class="sidebar-visible no-js light"> + <head> + <!-- Book generated using mdBook --> + <meta charset="UTF-8"> + <title>make - Notes</title> + + + <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"> + <meta name="description" content=""> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> + <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff" /> + + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../favicon.png"> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/variables.css"> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/general.css"> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/chrome.css"> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/print.css" media="print"> + + <!-- Fonts --> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../FontAwesome/css/font-awesome.css"> + <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300italic,400italic,600italic,700italic,800italic,400,300,600,700,800" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> + <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Code+Pro:500" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> + + <!-- Highlight.js Stylesheets --> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../highlight.css"> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../tomorrow-night.css"> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../ayu-highlight.css"> + + <!-- Custom theme stylesheets --> + + + + </head> + <body> + <!-- Provide site root to javascript --> + <script type="text/javascript"> + var path_to_root = "../"; + var default_theme = window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches ? "light" : "light"; + </script> + + <!-- Work around some values being stored in localStorage wrapped in quotes --> + <script type="text/javascript"> + try { + var theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme'); + var sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar'); + + if (theme.startsWith('"') && theme.endsWith('"')) { + localStorage.setItem('mdbook-theme', theme.slice(1, theme.length - 1)); + } + + if (sidebar.startsWith('"') && sidebar.endsWith('"')) { + localStorage.setItem('mdbook-sidebar', sidebar.slice(1, sidebar.length - 1)); + } + } catch (e) { } + </script> + + <!-- Set the theme before any content is loaded, prevents flash --> + <script type="text/javascript"> + var theme; + try { theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme'); } catch(e) { } + if (theme === null || theme === undefined) { theme = default_theme; } + var html = document.querySelector('html'); + html.classList.remove('no-js') + html.classList.remove('light') + html.classList.add(theme); + html.classList.add('js'); + </script> + + <!-- Hide / unhide sidebar before it is displayed --> + <script type="text/javascript"> + var html = document.querySelector('html'); + var sidebar = 'hidden'; + if (document.body.clientWidth >= 1080) { + try { sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar'); } catch(e) { } + sidebar = sidebar || 'visible'; + } + html.classList.remove('sidebar-visible'); + html.classList.add("sidebar-" + sidebar); + </script> + + <nav id="sidebar" class="sidebar" aria-label="Table of contents"> + <div id="sidebar-scrollbox" class="sidebar-scrollbox"> + <ol class="chapter"><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Tools</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/zsh.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> zsh</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/bash.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> bash</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/fish.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> fish</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/tmux.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> tmux</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/git.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> git</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/awk.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> awk</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/emacs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> emacs</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/gdb.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> gdb</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../tools/radare2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.9.</strong> radare2</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Resource analysis & monitor</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/lsof.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> lsof</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pidstat.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> pidstat</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pgrep.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> pgrep</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pmap.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> pmap</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../monitor/pstack.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> pstack</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Trace and Profile</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/strace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> strace</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/ltrace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> ltrace</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/perf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> perf</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/oprofile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> OProfile</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/time.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> time</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Binary</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/od.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> od</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/xxd.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> xxd</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/readelf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> readelf</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/objdump.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> objdump</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../binary/nm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.</strong> nm</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Development</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/c++filt.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> c++filt</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/c++.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> c++</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/glibc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> glibc</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/gcc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> gcc</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/make.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> make</a></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../development/ld.so.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> ld.so</a></li></ol></li><li class="expanded "><a href="../arch/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Arch</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="expanded "><a href="../arch/x86_64.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> x86_64</a></li></ol></li></ol> + </div> + <div id="sidebar-resize-handle" class="sidebar-resize-handle"></div> + </nav> + + <div id="page-wrapper" class="page-wrapper"> + + <div class="page"> + + <div id="menu-bar" class="menu-bar"> + <div id="menu-bar-sticky-container"> + <div class="left-buttons"> + <button id="sidebar-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Toggle Table of Contents" aria-label="Toggle Table of Contents" aria-controls="sidebar"> + <i class="fa fa-bars"></i> + </button> + <button id="theme-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Change theme" aria-label="Change theme" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="theme-list"> + <i class="fa fa-paint-brush"></i> + </button> + <ul id="theme-list" class="theme-popup" aria-label="Themes" role="menu"> + <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="light">Light (default)</button></li> + <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="rust">Rust</button></li> + <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="coal">Coal</button></li> + <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="navy">Navy</button></li> + <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="ayu">Ayu</button></li> + </ul> + + <button id="search-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Search. (Shortkey: s)" aria-label="Toggle Searchbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-keyshortcuts="S" aria-controls="searchbar"> + <i class="fa fa-search"></i> + </button> + + </div> + + <h1 class="menu-title">Notes</h1> + + <div class="right-buttons"> + <a href="../print.html" title="Print this book" aria-label="Print this book"> + <i id="print-button" class="fa fa-print"></i> + </a> + + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <div id="search-wrapper" class="hidden"> + <form id="searchbar-outer" class="searchbar-outer"> + <input type="search" name="search" id="searchbar" name="searchbar" placeholder="Search this book ..." aria-controls="searchresults-outer" aria-describedby="searchresults-header"> + </form> + <div id="searchresults-outer" class="searchresults-outer hidden"> + <div id="searchresults-header" class="searchresults-header"></div> + <ul id="searchresults"> + </ul> + </div> + </div> + + + <!-- Apply ARIA attributes after the sidebar and the sidebar toggle button are added to the DOM --> + <script type="text/javascript"> + document.getElementById('sidebar-toggle').setAttribute('aria-expanded', sidebar === 'visible'); + document.getElementById('sidebar').setAttribute('aria-hidden', sidebar !== 'visible'); + Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('#sidebar a')).forEach(function(link) { + link.setAttribute('tabIndex', sidebar === 'visible' ? 0 : -1); + }); + </script> + + <div id="content" class="content"> + <main> + <h1><a class="header" href="#make1" id="make1">make(1)</a></h1> +<h2><a class="header" href="#anatomy-of-make-rules" id="anatomy-of-make-rules">Anatomy of <code>make</code> rules</a></h2> +<pre><code class="language-make">target .. : prerequisite .. + recipe + .. +</code></pre> +<ul> +<li><code>target</code>: an output generated by the rule</li> +<li><code>prerequisite</code>: an input that is used to generate the target</li> +<li><code>recipe</code>: list of actions to generate the output from the input</li> +</ul> +<blockquote> +<p>Use <code>make -p</code> to print all rules and variables (implicitly + explicitly defined).</p> +</blockquote> +<h2><a class="header" href="#pattern-rules--automatic-variables" id="pattern-rules--automatic-variables">Pattern rules & Automatic variables</a></h2> +<h3><a class="header" href="#pattern-rules" id="pattern-rules">Pattern rules</a></h3> +<p>A pattern rule contains the <code>%</code> char (exactly one of them) and look like this example:</p> +<pre><code class="language-make">%.o : %.c + $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $< -o $@ +</code></pre> +<p>The target matches files of the pattern <code>%.o</code>, where <code>%</code> matches any none-empty +substring and other character match just them self.</p> +<p>The substring matched by <code>%</code> is called the <code>stem</code>.</p> +<p><code>%</code> in the prerequisite stands for the matched <code>stem</code> in the target.</p> +<h3><a class="header" href="#automatic-variables" id="automatic-variables">Automatic variables</a></h3> +<p>As targets and prerequisites in pattern rules can't be spelled explicitly in +the recipe, make provides a set of automatic variables to work with:</p> +<ul> +<li><code>$@</code>: Name of the target that triggered the rule.</li> +<li><code>$<</code>: Name of the first prerequisite.</li> +<li><code>$^</code>: Names of all prerequisites (without duplicates).</li> +<li><code>$+</code>: Names of all prerequisites (with duplicates).</li> +<li><code>$*</code>: Stem of the pattern rule.</li> +</ul> +<pre><code class="language-make"># file: Makefile + +all: foobar blabla + +foo% bla%: aaa bbb bbb + @echo "@ = $@" + @echo "< = $<" + @echo "^ = $^" + @echo "+ = $+" + @echo "* = $*" + @echo "----" + +aaa: +bbb: +</code></pre> +<p>Running above <code>Makefile</code> gives:</p> +<pre><code class="language-test">@ = foobar +< = aaa +^ = aaa bbb ++ = aaa bbb bbb +* = bar +---- +@ = blabla +< = aaa +^ = aaa bbb ++ = aaa bbb bbb +* = bla +---- +</code></pre> +<h2><a class="header" href="#useful-functions" id="useful-functions">Useful functions</a></h2> +<h3><a class="header" href="#substitution-references" id="substitution-references">Substitution references</a></h3> +<p>Substitute strings matching pattern in a list.</p> +<pre><code class="language-make">in := a.o l.a c.o +out := $(in:.o=.c) +# => out = a.c l.a c.c +</code></pre> +<h3><a class="header" href="#filter" id="filter"><code>filter</code></a></h3> +<p>Keep strings matching a pattern in a list.</p> +<pre><code class="language-make">in := a.a b.b c.c d.d +out := $(filter %.b %.c, $(in)) +# => out = b.b c.c +</code></pre> +<h3><a class="header" href="#filter-out" id="filter-out"><code>filter-out</code></a></h3> +<p>Remove strings matching a pattern from a list.</p> +<pre><code class="language-make">in := a.a b.b c.c d.d +out := $(filter-out %.b %.c, $(in)) +# => out = a.a d.d +</code></pre> +<h3><a class="header" href="#abspath" id="abspath"><code>abspath</code></a></h3> +<p>Resolve each file name as absolute path (don't resolve symlinks).</p> +<pre><code class="language-make">$(abspath fname1 fname2 ..) + +### `realpath` +Resolve each file name as canonical path. +```make +$(realpath fname1 fname2 ..) +</code></pre> + + </main> + + <nav class="nav-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation"> + <!-- Mobile navigation buttons --> + + <a rel="prev" href="../development/gcc.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left"> + <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> + </a> + + + + <a rel="next" href="../development/ld.so.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right"> + <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> + </a> + + + <div style="clear: both"></div> + </nav> + </div> + </div> + + <nav class="nav-wide-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation"> + + <a href="../development/gcc.html" class="nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left"> + <i 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