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diff --git a/shells/zsh.html b/shells/zsh.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f5373b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/shells/zsh.html @@ -0,0 +1,532 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML> +<html lang="en" class="light" dir="ltr"> + <head> + <!-- Book generated using mdBook --> + <meta charset="UTF-8"> + <title>zsh - Notes</title> + + + <!-- Custom HTML head --> + + <meta name="description" content=""> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> + <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> + + <link rel="icon" href="../favicon.svg"> + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../favicon.png"> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/variables.css"> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/general.css"> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/chrome.css"> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/print.css" media="print"> + + <!-- Fonts --> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../FontAwesome/css/font-awesome.css"> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../fonts/fonts.css"> + + <!-- Highlight.js Stylesheets --> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../highlight.css"> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../tomorrow-night.css"> + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../ayu-highlight.css"> + + <!-- Custom theme stylesheets --> + + </head> + <body class="sidebar-visible no-js"> + <div id="body-container"> + <!-- Provide site root to javascript --> + <script> + var path_to_root = "../"; + var default_theme = window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches ? "navy" : "light"; + </script> + + <!-- Work around some values being stored in localStorage wrapped in quotes --> + <script> + try { + var theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme'); + var sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar'); + + if (theme.startsWith('"') && theme.endsWith('"')) { + localStorage.setItem('mdbook-theme', theme.slice(1, theme.length - 1)); + } + + if (sidebar.startsWith('"') && sidebar.endsWith('"')) { + localStorage.setItem('mdbook-sidebar', sidebar.slice(1, sidebar.length - 1)); + } + } catch (e) { } + </script> + + <!-- Set the theme before any content is loaded, prevents flash --> + <script> + var theme; + try { theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme'); } catch(e) { } + if (theme === null || theme === undefined) { theme = default_theme; } + var html = document.querySelector('html'); + html.classList.remove('light') + html.classList.add(theme); + var body = document.querySelector('body'); + body.classList.remove('no-js') + body.classList.add('js'); + </script> + + <input type="checkbox" id="sidebar-toggle-anchor" class="hidden"> + + <!-- Hide / unhide sidebar before it is displayed --> + <script> + var body = document.querySelector('body'); + var sidebar = null; + var sidebar_toggle = document.getElementById("sidebar-toggle-anchor"); + if (document.body.clientWidth >= 1080) { + try { sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar'); } catch(e) { } + sidebar = sidebar || 'visible'; + } else { + sidebar = 'hidden'; + } + sidebar_toggle.checked = sidebar === 'visible'; + body.classList.remove('sidebar-visible'); + body.classList.add("sidebar-" + sidebar); + </script> + + <nav id="sidebar" class="sidebar" aria-label="Table of contents"> + <div class="sidebar-scrollbox"> + <ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../intro.html">Introduction</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../shells/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Shells</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../shells/zsh.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> zsh</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../shells/bash.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> bash</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../shells/fish.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> fish</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../cli/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> CLI foo</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../cli/awk.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> awk</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../cli/sed.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> sed</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../cli/column.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> column</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../cli/sort.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> sort</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../cli/tr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> tr</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tools/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Tools</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tools/tmux.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> tmux</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tools/emacs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> emacs</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tools/gpg.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> gpg</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tools/radare2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> radare2</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tools/qemu.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> qemu</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tools/pacman.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> pacman</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tools/dot.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.7.</strong> dot</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tools/ffmpeg.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.8.</strong> ffmpeg</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tools/gnuplot.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.9.</strong> gnuplot</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tools/restic.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.10.</strong> restic</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../monitor/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Resource analysis & monitor</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../monitor/lsof.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> lsof</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../monitor/pidstat.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> pidstat</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../monitor/pgrep.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> pgrep</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../monitor/ps.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> ps</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../monitor/pmap.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.</strong> pmap</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../monitor/pstack.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.6.</strong> pstack</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Trace and Profile</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/time.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> time</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/strace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> strace</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/ltrace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> ltrace</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/perf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> perf</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/oprofile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> OProfile</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/callgrind.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> callgrind</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../debug/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Debug</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../debug/gdb.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> gdb</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../debug/gdbserver.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> gdbserver</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../binary/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> Binary</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../binary/od.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.1.</strong> od</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../binary/xxd.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.2.</strong> xxd</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../binary/readelf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.3.</strong> readelf</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../binary/objdump.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.4.</strong> objdump</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../binary/nm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.5.</strong> nm</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> Development</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/c++filt.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.1.</strong> c++filt</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/c++.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.</strong> c++</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/glibc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.3.</strong> glibc</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/gcc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.4.</strong> gcc</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/git.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.</strong> git</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/cmake.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.6.</strong> cmake</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/make.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.7.</strong> make</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/ld.so.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.8.</strong> ld.so</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/symbolver.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.9.</strong> symbol versioning</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/python.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.10.</strong> python</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/gcov.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.11.</strong> gcov</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/pgo.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.12.</strong> pgo</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../linux/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.</strong> Linux</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../linux/systemd.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.1.</strong> systemd</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../linux/coredump.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.</strong> coredump</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../linux/ptrace_scope.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.</strong> ptrace_scope</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../linux/cryptsetup.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.4.</strong> cryptsetup</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../linux/swap.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.5.</strong> swap</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../linux/input.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.6.</strong> input</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../linux/acl.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.7.</strong> acl</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../linux/zfs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.8.</strong> zfs</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../network/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.</strong> Network</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../network/ss.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.</strong> ss</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../network/tcpdump.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.2.</strong> tcpdump</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../network/tshark.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.3.</strong> tshark</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../network/firewall-cmd.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.4.</strong> firewall-cmd</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../network/nftables.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.5.</strong> nftables</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../web/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.</strong> Web</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../web/html.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.1.</strong> html</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../web/css.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.2.</strong> css</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../web/chartjs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.3.</strong> chartjs</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../arch/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.</strong> Arch</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../arch/x86_64.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.1.</strong> x86_64</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../arch/armv8.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.2.</strong> armv8</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../arch/arm64.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.3.</strong> arm64</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../arch/armv7.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.4.</strong> armv7</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../arch/riscv.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.5.</strong> riscv</a></li></ol></li></ol> + </div> + <div id="sidebar-resize-handle" class="sidebar-resize-handle"> + <div class="sidebar-resize-indicator"></div> + </div> + </nav> + + <!-- Track and set sidebar scroll position --> + <script> + var sidebarScrollbox = document.querySelector('#sidebar .sidebar-scrollbox'); + sidebarScrollbox.addEventListener('click', function(e) { + if (e.target.tagName === 'A') { + sessionStorage.setItem('sidebar-scroll', sidebarScrollbox.scrollTop); + } + }, { passive: true }); + var sidebarScrollTop = sessionStorage.getItem('sidebar-scroll'); + sessionStorage.removeItem('sidebar-scroll'); + if (sidebarScrollTop) { + // preserve sidebar scroll position when navigating via links within sidebar + sidebarScrollbox.scrollTop = sidebarScrollTop; + } else { + // scroll sidebar to current active section when navigating via "next/previous chapter" buttons + var activeSection = document.querySelector('#sidebar .active'); + if (activeSection) { + activeSection.scrollIntoView({ block: 'center' }); + } + } + </script> + + <div id="page-wrapper" class="page-wrapper"> + + <div class="page"> + <div id="menu-bar-hover-placeholder"></div> + <div id="menu-bar" class="menu-bar sticky"> + <div class="left-buttons"> + <label id="sidebar-toggle" class="icon-button" for="sidebar-toggle-anchor" title="Toggle Table of Contents" aria-label="Toggle Table of Contents" aria-controls="sidebar"> + <i class="fa fa-bars"></i> + </label> + <button id="theme-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Change theme" aria-label="Change theme" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="theme-list"> + <i class="fa fa-paint-brush"></i> + </button> + <ul id="theme-list" class="theme-popup" aria-label="Themes" role="menu"> + <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="light">Light</button></li> + <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="rust">Rust</button></li> + <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="coal">Coal</button></li> + <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="navy">Navy</button></li> + <li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="ayu">Ayu</button></li> + </ul> + <button id="search-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Search. (Shortkey: s)" aria-label="Toggle Searchbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-keyshortcuts="S" aria-controls="searchbar"> + <i class="fa fa-search"></i> + </button> + </div> + + <h1 class="menu-title">Notes</h1> + + <div class="right-buttons"> + <a href="../print.html" title="Print this book" aria-label="Print this book"> + <i id="print-button" class="fa fa-print"></i> + </a> + <a href="https://github.com/johannst/notes" title="Git repository" aria-label="Git repository"> + <i id="git-repository-button" class="fa fa-github"></i> + </a> + + </div> + </div> + + <div id="search-wrapper" class="hidden"> + <form id="searchbar-outer" class="searchbar-outer"> + <input type="search" id="searchbar" name="searchbar" placeholder="Search this book ..." aria-controls="searchresults-outer" aria-describedby="searchresults-header"> + </form> + <div id="searchresults-outer" class="searchresults-outer hidden"> + <div id="searchresults-header" class="searchresults-header"></div> + <ul id="searchresults"> + </ul> + </div> + </div> + + <!-- Apply ARIA attributes after the sidebar and the sidebar toggle button are added to the DOM --> + <script> + document.getElementById('sidebar-toggle').setAttribute('aria-expanded', sidebar === 'visible'); + document.getElementById('sidebar').setAttribute('aria-hidden', sidebar !== 'visible'); + Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('#sidebar a')).forEach(function(link) { + link.setAttribute('tabIndex', sidebar === 'visible' ? 0 : -1); + }); + </script> + + <div id="content" class="content"> + <main> + <h1 id="zsh1"><a class="header" href="#zsh1">zsh(1)</a></h1> +<h2 id="keybindings"><a class="header" href="#keybindings">Keybindings</a></h2> +<p>Change input mode:</p> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">bindkey -v change to vi keymap +bindkey -e change to emacs keymap +</code></pre> +<p>Define key-mappings:</p> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">bindkey list mappings in current keymap +bindkey in-str cmd create mapping for `in-str` to `cmd` +bindkey -r in-str remove binding for `in-str` + +# C-v <key> dump <key> code, which can be used in `in-str` +# zle -l list all functions for keybindings +# man zshzle(1) STANDARD WIDGETS: get description of functions +</code></pre> +<p>Access edit buffer in zle widget:</p> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">$BUFFER # Entire edit buffer content +$LBUFFER # Edit buffer content left to cursor +$RBUFFER # Edit buffer content right to cursor + +# create zle widget which adds text right of the cursor +function add-text() { + RBUFFER="some text $RBUFFER" +} +zle -N add-text + +bindkey "^p" add-text +</code></pre> +<h2 id="parameter"><a class="header" href="#parameter">Parameter</a></h2> +<p>Default value:</p> +<pre><code class="language-zsh"># default value +echo ${foo:-defval} # defval +foo=bar +echo ${foo:-defval} # bar +</code></pre> +<p>Alternative value:</p> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">echo ${foo:+altval} # '' +foo=bar +echo ${foo:+altval} # altval +</code></pre> +<p>Check variable set, error if not set:</p> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">echo ${foo:?msg} # print `msg` and return errno `1` +foo=bar +echo ${foo:?msg} # bar +</code></pre> +<p>Sub-string <code>${var:offset:length}</code>:</p> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">foo=abcdef +echo ${foo:1:3} # bcd +</code></pre> +<p>Trim prefix <code>${var#prefix}</code>:</p> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">foo=bar.baz +echo ${foo#bar} # .baz +</code></pre> +<p>Trim suffix <code>${var%suffix}</code>:</p> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">foo=bar.baz +echo ${foo%.baz} # bar +</code></pre> +<p>Substitute pattern <code>${var/pattern/replace}</code>:</p> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">foo=aabbccbbdd +echo ${foo/bb/XX} # aaXXccbbdd +echo ${foo//bb/XX} # aaXXccXXdd +# replace prefix +echo ${foo/#bb/XX} # aabbccbbdd +echo ${foo/#aa/XX} # XXbbccbbdd +# replace suffix +echo ${foo/%bb/XX} # aabbccbbdd +echo ${foo/%dd/XX} # aabbccbbXX +</code></pre> +<blockquote> +<p>Note: <code>prefix</code>/<code>suffix</code>/<code>pattern</code> are expanded as pathnames.</p> +</blockquote> +<h2 id="variables"><a class="header" href="#variables">Variables</a></h2> +<pre><code class="language-zsh"># Variable with local scope +local var=val + +# Read-only variable +readonly var=bal +</code></pre> +<p>Indexed arrays:</p> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">arr=(aa bb cc dd) +echo $arr[1] # aa +echo $arr[-1] # dd + +arr+=(ee) +echo $arr[-1] # ee + +echo $arr[1,3] # aa bb cc +</code></pre> +<p>Associative arrays:</p> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">typeset -A arr +arr[x]='aa' +arr[y]='bb' +echo $arr[x] # aa +</code></pre> +<p>Tied arrays:</p> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">typeset -T VEC vec=(1 2 3) '|' + +echo $vec # 1 2 3 +echo $VEC # 1|2|3 +</code></pre> +<p>Unique arrays (set):</p> +<pre><code>typeset -U vec=(1 2 3) + +echo $vec # 1 2 3 +vec+=(1 2 4) +echo $vec # 1 2 3 4 +</code></pre> +<h3 id="expansion-flags"><a class="header" href="#expansion-flags">Expansion Flags</a></h3> +<p>Join array to string <code>j:sep:</code>:</p> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">foo=(1 2 3 4) +echo ${(j:-:)foo} # 1-2-3-4 +echo ${(j:\n:)foo} # join with new lines +</code></pre> +<p>Split string to array <code>s:sep</code>:</p> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">foo='1-2-3-4' +bar=(${(s:-:)foo}) # capture as array +echo $bar # 1 2 3 4 +echo $bar[2] # 2 +</code></pre> +<p>Upper/Lower case string:</p> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">foo=aaBB +echo ${(L)foo} # aabb +echo ${(U)foo} # AABB +</code></pre> +<p>Key/values in associative arrays:</p> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">typeset -A vec; vec[a]='aa'; vec[b]='bb' + +echo ${(k)vec} # a b +echo ${(v)vec} # aa bb +echo ${(kv)vec} # a aa b bb + +# Iterate over key value pairs. +for k v in ${(kv)vec)}; do ...; done +</code></pre> +<h2 id="io-redirections"><a class="header" href="#io-redirections">I/O redirections</a></h2> +<p>See <a href="bash.html#io-redirection">bash - I/O redirection</a></p> +<h2 id="process-substitution"><a class="header" href="#process-substitution">Process substitution</a></h2> +<p>Process substitution allows to redirect the stdout of multiple processes at +once.</p> +<pre><code class="language-bash">vim -d <(grep foo bar) <(grep foo moose) +</code></pre> +<h2 id="argument-parsing-with-zparseopts"><a class="header" href="#argument-parsing-with-zparseopts">Argument parsing with <code>zparseopts</code></a></h2> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">zparseopts [-D] [-E] [-A assoc] specs +</code></pre> +<p>Arguments are copied into the associative array <code>assoc</code> according to <code>specs</code>. +Each spec is described by an entry as <code>opt[:][=array]</code>.</p> +<ul> +<li><code>opt</code> is the option without the <code>-</code> char. Passing <code>-f</code> is matched against <code>f</code> +opt, <code>--long</code> is matched against <code>-long</code>.</li> +<li>Using <code>:</code> means the option will take an argument.</li> +<li>The optional <code>=array</code> specifies an alternate storage container where this +option should be stored.</li> +</ul> +<blockquote> +<p>Documentation can be found in <code>man zshmodules</code>.</p> +</blockquote> +<h3 id="example"><a class="header" href="#example">Example</a></h3> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">#!/bin/zsh +function test() { + zparseopts -D -E -A opts f=flag o: -long: + echo "flag $flag" + echo "o $opts[-o]" + echo "long $opts[--long]" + echo "pos $1" +} + +test -f -o OPTION --long LONG_OPT POSITIONAL + +# Outputs: +# flag -f +# o OPTION +# long LONG_OPT +# pos POSITIONAL +</code></pre> +<h2 id="regular-expressions"><a class="header" href="#regular-expressions">Regular Expressions</a></h2> +<p>Zsh supports regular expression matching with the binary operator <code>=~</code>. +The match results can be accessed via the <code>$MATCH</code> variable and +<code>$match</code> indexed array:</p> +<ul> +<li><code>$MATCH</code> contains the full match</li> +<li><code>$match[1]</code> contains match of the first capture group</li> +</ul> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">INPUT='title foo : 1234' +REGEX='^title (.+) : ([0-9]+)$' +if [[ $INPUT =~ $REGEX ]]; then + echo "$MATCH" # title foo : 1234 + echo "$match[1]" # foo + echo "$match[2]" # 1234 +fi +</code></pre> +<h2 id="completion"><a class="header" href="#completion">Completion</a></h2> +<h3 id="installation"><a class="header" href="#installation">Installation</a></h3> +<p>Completion functions are provided via files and need to be placed in a location +covered by <code>$fpath</code>. By convention the completion files are names as <code>_<CMD></code>.</p> +<p>A completion skeleton for the command <code>foo</code>, stored in <code>_foo</code></p> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">#compdef _foo foo + +function _foo() { + ... +} +</code></pre> +<p>Alternatively one can install a completion function explicitly by calling <code>compdef <FUNC> <CMD></code>.</p> +<h3 id="completion-variables"><a class="header" href="#completion-variables">Completion Variables</a></h3> +<p>Following variables are available in Completion functions:</p> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">$words # array with command line in words +$#words # number words +$CURRENT # index into $words for cursor position +$words[CURRENT-1] # previous word (relative to cursor position) +</code></pre> +<h3 id="completion-functions"><a class="header" href="#completion-functions">Completion Functions</a></h3> +<ul> +<li><code>_describe</code> simple completion, just words + description</li> +<li><code>_arguments</code> sophisticated completion, allow to specify actions</li> +</ul> +<h4 id="completion-with-_describe"><a class="header" href="#completion-with-_describe">Completion with <a href="http://zsh.sourceforge.net/Doc/Release/Completion-System.html#Completion-Functions"><code>_describe</code></a></a></h4> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">_describe MSG COMP +</code></pre> +<ul> +<li><code>MSG</code> simple string with header message</li> +<li><code>COMP</code> array of completions where each entry is <code>"opt:description"</code></li> +</ul> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">function _foo() { + local -a opts + opts=('bla:desc for bla' 'blu:desc for blu') + _describe 'foo-msg' opts +} +compdef _foo foo + +foo <TAB><TAB> + -- foo-msg -- +bla -- desc for bla +blu -- desc for blu +</code></pre> +<h4 id="completion-with-_arguments"><a class="header" href="#completion-with-_arguments">Completion with <a href="http://zsh.sourceforge.net/Doc/Release/Completion-System.html#Completion-Functions"><code>_arguments</code></a></a></h4> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">_arguments SPEC [SPEC...] +</code></pre> +<p>where <code>SPEC</code> can have one of the following forms:</p> +<ul> +<li><code>OPT[DESC]:MSG:ACTION</code> for option flags</li> +<li><code>N:MSG:ACTION</code> for positional arguments</li> +</ul> +<p>Available actions</p> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">(op1 op2) list possible matches +->VAL set $state=VAL and continue, `$state` can be checked later in switch case +FUNC call func to generate matches +{STR} evaluate `STR` to generate matches +</code></pre> +<h3 id="example-1"><a class="header" href="#example-1">Example</a></h3> +<p>Skeleton to copy/paste for writing simple completions.</p> +<p>Assume a program <code>foo</code> with the following interface:</p> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">foo -c green|red|blue -s low|high -f <file> -d <dir> -h +</code></pre> +<p>The completion handler could be implemented as follows in a file called <code>_foo</code>:</p> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">#compdef _foo foo + +function _foo_color() { + local colors=() + colors+=('green:green color') + colors+=('red:red color') + colors+=('blue:blue color') + _describe "color" colors +} + +function _foo() { + _arguments \ + "-c[define color]:color:->s_color" \ + "-s[select sound]:sound:(low high)" \ + "-f[select file]:file:_files" \ + "-d[select dir]:dir:_files -/" \ + "-h[help]" + + case $state in + s_color) _foo_color;; + esac +} +</code></pre> +<h3 id="example-with-optional-arguments"><a class="header" href="#example-with-optional-arguments">Example with optional arguments</a></h3> +<p>For this example we assume that the command <code>foo</code> takes at least three optional +arguments such as</p> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">foo arg1 arg2 arg3 [argN..] +</code></pre> +<pre><code class="language-zsh">function _foo() { + _arguments \ + "1:opt 1:(a b c)" \ + ":opt next:(d e f)" \ + "*:opt all:(u v w)" +} +</code></pre> +<p>Explanation:</p> +<ul> +<li><code>1:MSG:ACTION</code> sets completion for the <strong>first</strong> optional argument</li> +<li><code>:MSG:ACTION</code> sets completion for the <strong>next</strong> optional argument</li> +<li><code>*:MSG:ACTION</code> sets completion for the optional argument where none of the +previous rules apply, so in our example for <code>arg3, argN..</code>.</li> +</ul> +<blockquote> +<p><code>_files</code> is a zsh builtin utility function to complete files/dirs see</p> +<ul> +<li><a href="http://zsh.sourceforge.net/Doc/Release/Completion-System.html#Completion-Functions">zsh completion functions</a></li> +<li><a href="https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-completions/blob/master/zsh-completions-howto.org#utility-functions">zsh completion utility functions</a></li> +</ul> +</blockquote> + + </main> + + <nav class="nav-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation"> + <!-- Mobile navigation buttons --> + <a rel="prev" href="../shells/index.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left"> + <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> + </a> + + <a rel="next prefetch" href="../shells/bash.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right"> + <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> + </a> + + <div style="clear: both"></div> + </nav> + </div> + </div> + + <nav class="nav-wide-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation"> + <a rel="prev" href="../shells/index.html" class="nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left"> + <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> + </a> + + <a rel="next prefetch" href="../shells/bash.html" class="nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right"> + <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> + </a> + </nav> + + </div> + + + + + <script> + window.playground_copyable = true; 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