From f6fa901a0906fc6ba8c6d851060d646c3049f8ea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: johannst Date: Fri, 18 Dec 2020 23:42:29 +0000 Subject: deploy: b7f4aee7a60b03db06475f2a017706494d9a2d44 --- arch/arm64.html | 2 +- arch/index.html | 2 +- arch/x86_64.html | 2 +- binary/index.html | 2 +- binary/nm.html | 2 +- binary/objdump.html | 2 +- binary/od.html | 2 +- binary/readelf.html | 2 +- binary/xxd.html | 2 +- development/c++.html | 2 +- development/c++filt.html | 2 +- development/gcc.html | 2 +- development/glibc.html | 2 +- development/index.html | 2 +- development/ld.so.html | 2 +- development/make.html | 2 +- index.html | 3 +- monitor/index.html | 2 +- monitor/lsof.html | 2 +- monitor/pgrep.html | 2 +- monitor/pidstat.html | 2 +- monitor/pmap.html | 2 +- monitor/pstack.html | 2 +- print.html | 105 ++++++++++++++- searchindex.js | 2 +- searchindex.json | 2 +- tools/awk.html | 7 +- tools/bash.html | 2 +- tools/emacs.html | 6 +- tools/fish.html | 2 +- tools/gdb.html | 6 +- tools/git.html | 2 +- tools/gpg.html | 316 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ tools/index.html | 3 +- tools/radare2.html | 2 +- tools/tmux.html | 2 +- tools/zsh.html | 2 +- trace_profile/index.html | 2 +- trace_profile/ltrace.html | 2 +- trace_profile/oprofile.html | 2 +- trace_profile/perf.html | 2 +- trace_profile/strace.html | 2 +- trace_profile/time.html | 2 +- 43 files changed, 472 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-) create mode 100644 tools/gpg.html diff --git a/arch/arm64.html b/arch/arm64.html index a71c960..95a2088 100644 --- a/arch/arm64.html +++ b/arch/arm64.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/arch/index.html b/arch/index.html index 1c04279..d5a1088 100644 --- a/arch/index.html +++ b/arch/index.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/arch/x86_64.html b/arch/x86_64.html index ace7ed0..1d66015 100644 --- a/arch/x86_64.html +++ b/arch/x86_64.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/binary/index.html b/binary/index.html index 77850f4..92d344e 100644 --- a/binary/index.html +++ b/binary/index.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/binary/nm.html b/binary/nm.html index 5e0bf04..4e2390f 100644 --- a/binary/nm.html +++ b/binary/nm.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/binary/objdump.html b/binary/objdump.html index d357d69..47e87c4 100644 --- a/binary/objdump.html +++ b/binary/objdump.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/binary/od.html b/binary/od.html index 07cbc69..edbed67 100644 --- a/binary/od.html +++ b/binary/od.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/binary/readelf.html b/binary/readelf.html index 9c11649..8e73c08 100644 --- a/binary/readelf.html +++ b/binary/readelf.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/binary/xxd.html b/binary/xxd.html index 6fc8683..1104ef2 100644 --- a/binary/xxd.html +++ b/binary/xxd.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/development/c++.html b/development/c++.html index 931bf4a..a802555 100644 --- a/development/c++.html +++ b/development/c++.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/development/c++filt.html b/development/c++filt.html index bc3456b..bd3a370 100644 --- a/development/c++filt.html +++ b/development/c++filt.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/development/gcc.html b/development/gcc.html index 0db3be6..a95ec57 100644 --- a/development/gcc.html +++ b/development/gcc.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/development/glibc.html b/development/glibc.html index b30107d..8135694 100644 --- a/development/glibc.html +++ b/development/glibc.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/development/index.html b/development/index.html index e2ab0ae..b71ed84 100644 --- a/development/index.html +++ b/development/index.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/development/ld.so.html b/development/ld.so.html index b1efad1..80e16da 100644 --- a/development/ld.so.html +++ b/development/ld.so.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/development/make.html b/development/make.html index dffed38..22a8b09 100644 --- a/development/make.html +++ b/development/make.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index e885800..7152c65 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ @@ -157,6 +157,7 @@
  • git
  • awk
  • emacs
    • +
  • gpg
  • gdb
  • radare2
    • diff --git a/monitor/index.html b/monitor/index.html index 35f1236..38681d7 100644 --- a/monitor/index.html +++ b/monitor/index.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/monitor/lsof.html b/monitor/lsof.html index 62e6d5e..2fcbdcc 100644 --- a/monitor/lsof.html +++ b/monitor/lsof.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/monitor/pgrep.html b/monitor/pgrep.html index a1c60c5..d4bad71 100644 --- a/monitor/pgrep.html +++ b/monitor/pgrep.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/monitor/pidstat.html b/monitor/pidstat.html index 0bf88b1..c97989a 100644 --- a/monitor/pidstat.html +++ b/monitor/pidstat.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/monitor/pmap.html b/monitor/pmap.html index 095035f..ee5b2c4 100644 --- a/monitor/pmap.html +++ b/monitor/pmap.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/monitor/pstack.html b/monitor/pstack.html index c7f3585..b3f96ce 100644 --- a/monitor/pstack.html +++ b/monitor/pstack.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/print.html b/print.html index 7b8e3ac..d3416cd 100644 --- a/print.html +++ b/print.html @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ @@ -159,6 +159,7 @@
  • git
  • awk
  • emacs
    • +
  • gpg
  • gdb
  • radare2
    • @@ -853,6 +854,7 @@ multiple times. Actions with those patterns are executed exactly onceFS field separator: regex to split records into fields, by default
  • NR number record: number of current record
    • +
  • NF number fields: number of fields in the current record

    • Special statements & functions

      @@ -890,6 +892,10 @@ For floats one can use %N.Mf, N is the total number in

      The pattern NR%2 == 0 matches every second record and the action { print $0 } prints the whole record.

      +

      Access last fields in records

      +
      echo 'a b c d e f' | awk '{ print $NF $(NF-1) }'
+
      +

      Access last fields with arithmetic on the NR number of fields variable.

      Capture in variables

      # /proc/<pid>/status
 #   Name:    cat
@@ -1122,6 +1128,103 @@ in the user variable and then print it.
      
 
   q            quit
      +

      gpg(1)

      +
      gpg
+  -o|--output                 Specify output file
+  -a|--armor                  Create ascii output
+  -u|--local-user <name>      Specify key for signing
+  -r|--recipient              Encrypt for user
+
      +

      Generate new keypair

      +
      gpg --full-generate-key
+
      +

      List keys

      +
      gpg -k / --list-key               # public keys
+gpg -K / --list-secret-keys       # secret keys
+
      +

      Edit keys

      +
      gpg --edit-key <KEY ID>
+
      +

      Gives prompt to modify KEY ID, common commands:

      +
      help         show help
+save         save & quit
+
+list         list keys and user IDs
+key <N>      select subkey <N>
+uid <N>      select user ID <N>
+
+expire       change expiration of selected key
+
+adduid       add user ID
+deluid       delete selected user ID
+
+addkey       add subkey
+delkey       delete selected subkey
+
      +

      Export & Import Keys

      +
      gpg --export --armor --output <KEY.PUB> <KEY ID>
+gpg --import <FILE>
+
      +

      Search & Send keys

      +
      gpg --keyserver <SERVER> --send-keys <KEY ID>
+gpg --keyserver <SERVER> --search-keys <KEY ID>
+
      +

      Encrypt (passphrase)

      +

      Encrypt file using passphrase and write encrypted data to <file>.gpg.

      +
      gpg --symmetric <file>
+
+# Decrypt using passphrase
+gpg -o <file> --decrypt <file>.gpg
+
      +

      Encrypt (public key)

      +

      Encrypt file with public key of specified recipient and write encrypted +data to <file>.gpg.

      +
      gpg --encrypt -r foo@bar.de <file>
+
+# Decrypt at foos side (private key required)
+gpg -o <file> --decrypt <file>.gpg
+
      +

      Signing

      +

      Generate a signed file and write to <file>.gpg.

      +
      gpg --sign -u foor@bar.de <file>
+
+# Verify
+gpg --verify <file>
+
+# Extract content from signed file
+gpg -o <file> --decrypt <file>.gpg
+
      +
      +

      Without -u use first private key in list gpg -K for signing.

      +
      +

      Files can also be signed and encrypted at once, gpg will first sign the +file and then encrypt it.

      +
      gpg --sign --encrypt <file>
+
      +

      Signing (detached)

      +

      Generate a detached signature and write to <file>.asc. +Send <file>.asc along with <file> when distributing.

      +
      gpg --detach-sign --armor -u foor@bar.de <file>
+
+# Verify
+gpg --verify <file>.asc <file>
+
      +
      +

      Without -u use first private key in list gpg -K for signing.

      +
      +

      Abbreviations

      +
        +
      • sec secret key
        • +
      • ssb secret subkey
        • +
      • pub public key
        • +
      • sub public subkey
        • +
      +

      Keyservers

      +
        +
      • http://pgp.mit.edu
        • +
      • http://keyserver.ubuntu.com
        • +
      • hkps://pgp.mailbox.org
        • +

      gdb(1)

      CLI

        gdb [opts] [prg [-c coredump | -p pid]]
diff --git a/searchindex.js b/searchindex.js
index 94a593e..f0d3496 100644
--- a/searchindex.js
+++ b/searchindex.js
@@ -1 +1 @@
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If -a is not given all open files matching $USER and all tcp connections are listed ( ored ).","breadcrumbs":"Resource analysis & monitor » Open TCP connections","id":"109","title":"Open TCP connections"},"11":{"body":"# default param\nbar=${foo:-some_val} # if $foo set, then bar=$foo else bar=some_val # check param set\nbar=${foo:?msg} # if $foo set, then bar=$foo else exit and print msg # indirect\nFOO=foo\nBAR=FOO\nbar=${!BAR} # deref value of BAR -> bar=$FOO # prefix\n${foo#prefix} # remove prefix when expanding $foo\n# suffix\n${foo%suffix} # remove suffix when expanding $foo # substitute\n${foo/pattern/string} # replace pattern with string when expanding foo\n# pattern starts with\n# '/' replace all occurences of pattern\n# '#' pattern match at beginning\n# '%' pattern match at end Note: prefix/suffix/pattern are expanded as pathnames .","breadcrumbs":"Tools » Parameter","id":"11","title":"Parameter"},"110":{"body":"Show open connections to localhost for $USER: lsof -a -u $USER -i @localhost","breadcrumbs":"Resource analysis & monitor » Open connection to specific host","id":"110","title":"Open connection to specific host"},"111":{"body":"lsof -i 4TCP -s TCP:ESTABLISHED","breadcrumbs":"Resource analysis & monitor » IPv4 TCP connections in ESTABLISHED state","id":"111","title":"IPv4 TCP connections in ESTABLISHED state"},"112":{"body":"pidstat [opt] [interval] [cont] -U [user] show username instead UID, optionally only show for user -r memory statistics -d I/O statistics -h single line per process and no lines with average","breadcrumbs":"Resource analysis & monitor » pidstat(1)","id":"112","title":"pidstat(1)"},"113":{"body":"pidstat -r -p  [interval] [count] minor_pagefault: Happens when the page needed is already in memory but not allocated to the faulting process, in that case the kernel only has to create a new page-table entry pointing to the shared physical page (not required to load a memory page from disk). major_pagefault: Happens when the page needed is NOT in memory, the kernel has to create a new page-table entry and populate the physical page (required to load a memory page from disk).","breadcrumbs":"Resource analysis & monitor » Page fault and memory utilization","id":"113","title":"Page fault and memory utilization"},"114":{"body":"pidstat -d -p  [interval] [count]","breadcrumbs":"Resource analysis & monitor » I/O statistics","id":"114","title":"I/O statistics"},"115":{"body":"pgrep [opts]  -n only list newest matching process -u  only show matching for user  -l additionally list command -a additionally list command + arguments","breadcrumbs":"Resource analysis & monitor » pgrep(1)","id":"115","title":"pgrep(1)"},"116":{"body":"For example attach gdb to newest zsh process from $USER. gdb -p $(pgrep -n -u $USER zsh)","breadcrumbs":"Resource analysis & monitor » Debug newest process","id":"116","title":"Debug newest process"},"117":{"body":"pmap  Dump virtual memory map of process. Compared to /proc//maps it shows the size of the mappings.","breadcrumbs":"Resource analysis & monitor » pmap(1)","id":"117","title":"pmap(1)"},"118":{"body":"pstack  Dump stack for all threads of process.","breadcrumbs":"Resource analysis & monitor » pstack(1)","id":"118","title":"pstack(1)"},"119":{"body":"strace ltrace perf OProfile time","breadcrumbs":"Trace and Profile","id":"119","title":"Trace and Profile"},"12":{"body":"* match any string\n? match any single char\n\\\\ match backslash\n[abc] match any char of 'a' 'b' 'c'\n[a-z] match any char between 'a' - 'z'\n[^ab] negate, match all not 'a' 'b'\n[:class:] match any char in class, available: alnum,alpha,ascii,blank,cntrl,digit,graph,lower, print,punct,space,upper,word,xdigit Wit extglob shell option enabled it is possible to have more powerful patterns. In the following pattern-list is one ore more patterns separated by | char. ?(pattern-list) matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns\n*(pattern-list) matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns\n+(pattern-list) matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns\n@(pattern-list) matches one of the given patterns\n!(pattern-list) matches anything except one of the given patterns Note: shopt -s extglob/shopt -u extglob to enable/disable extglob option.","breadcrumbs":"Tools » Pathname","id":"12","title":"Pathname"},"120":{"body":"strace [opts] [prg] -f .......... follow child processes on fork(2) -p  .... attach to running process -s  ... max string size, truncate of longer (default: 32) -e  ... expression for trace filtering -o  ... log output into  -c .......... dump syscall statitics at the end : trace=syscall[,syscall] .... trace only syscall listed trace=file ................. trace all syscall that take a filename as arg trace=process .............. trace process management related syscalls trace=signal ............... trace signal related syscalls signal ..................... trace signals delivered to the process","breadcrumbs":"Trace and Profile » strace(1)","id":"120","title":"strace(1)"},"121":{"body":"Trace open(2) & socket(2) syscalls for a running process + child processes: strace -f -e trace=open,socket -p  Trace signals delivered to a running process: strace -f -e signal -p ","breadcrumbs":"Trace and Profile » Examples","id":"121","title":"Examples"},"122":{"body":"ltrace [opts] [prg] -f .......... follow child processes on fork(2) -p  .... attach to running process -o  ... log output into  -l  . show who calls into lib matched by  -C .......... demangle","breadcrumbs":"Trace and Profile » ltrace(1)","id":"122","title":"ltrace(1)"},"123":{"body":"List which program/libs call into libstdc++: ltrace -l '*libstdc++*' -C -o ltrace.log ./main","breadcrumbs":"Trace and Profile » Example","id":"123","title":"Example"},"124":{"body":"perf list show supported hw/sw events perf stat -p  .. show stats for running process -I  ... show stats periodically over interval  -e  ... filter for events perf top -p  .. show stats for running process -F  ... sampling frequency -K ........ hide kernel threads perf record -p  ............... record stats for running process -F  ................ sampling frequency --call-graph  .. [fp, dwarf, lbr] method how to caputre backtrace fp : use frame-pointer, need to compile with -fno-omit-frame-pointer dwarf: use .cfi debug information lbr : use hardware last branch record facility -g ..................... short-hand for --call-graph fp -e  ................ filter for events perf report -n .................... annotate symbols with nr of samples --stdio ............... report to stdio, if not presen tui mode -g graph,0.5,caller ... show caller based call chains with value >0.5 Useful : page-faults minor-faults major-faults cpu-cycles` task-clock","breadcrumbs":"Trace and Profile » perf(1)","id":"124","title":"perf(1)"},"125":{"body":"","breadcrumbs":"Trace and Profile » Flamegraph","id":"125","title":"Flamegraph"},"126":{"body":"perf record -g -e cpu-cycles -p \nperf script | FlameGraph/stackcollapse-perf.pl | FlameGraph/flamegraph.pl > cycles-flamegraph.svg","breadcrumbs":"Trace and Profile » Flamegraph with single event trace","id":"126","title":"Flamegraph with single event trace"},"127":{"body":"perf record -g -e cpu-cycles,page-faults -p \nperf script --per-event-dump\n# fold & generate as above","breadcrumbs":"Trace and Profile » Flamegraph with multiple event traces","id":"127","title":"Flamegraph with multiple event traces"},"128":{"body":"operf -g -p  -g ...... caputre call-graph information opreport [opt] FILE show time spent per binary image -l ...... show time spent per symbol -c ...... show callgraph information (see below) -a ...... add column with time spent accumulated over child nodes ophelp show supported hw/sw events","breadcrumbs":"Trace and Profile » OProfile","id":"128","title":"OProfile"},"129":{"body":"# statistics of process run\n/usr/bin/time -v ","breadcrumbs":"Trace and Profile » /usr/bin/time(1)","id":"129","title":"/usr/bin/time(1)"},"13":{"body":"Note: The trick with bash I/O redirection is to interpret from left-to-right. # stdout & stderr to file\ncommand >file 2>&1\n# equivalent\ncommand &>file # stderr to stdout & stdout to file\ncommand 2>&1 >file","breadcrumbs":"Tools » I/O redirection","id":"13","title":"I/O redirection"},"130":{"body":"od xxd readelf objdump nm","breadcrumbs":"Binary","id":"130","title":"Binary"},"131":{"body":"od [opts]  -An don't print addr info -tx4 print hex in 4 byte chunks -ta print as named character -tc printable chars or backslash escape -w4 print 4 bytes per line -j  skip  bytes from  (hex if start with 0x) -N  dump  bytes (hex of start with 0x)","breadcrumbs":"Binary » od(1)","id":"131","title":"od(1)"},"132":{"body":"echo -n AAAABBBB | od -An -w4 -tx4 >> 41414141 >> 42424242 echo -n '\\x7fELF\\n' | od -tx1 -ta -tc >> 0000000 7f 45 4c 46 0a # tx1 >> del E L F nl # ta >> 177 E L F \\n # tc","breadcrumbs":"Binary » ASCII to hex string","id":"132","title":"ASCII to hex string"},"133":{"body":"For example .rodata section from an elf file. We can use readelf to get the offset into the file where the .rodata section starts. readelf -W -S foo >> Section Headers: >> [Nr] Name Type Address Off Size ES Flg Lk Inf Al >> ... >> [15] .rodata PROGBITS 00000000004009c0 0009c0 000030 00 A 0 0 16 With the offset of -j 0x0009c0 we can dump -N 0x30 bytes from the beginning of the .rodata section as follows: od -j 0x0009c0 -N 0x30 -tx4 -w4 foo >> 0004700 00020001 >> 0004704 00000000 >> * >> 0004740 00000001 >> 0004744 00000002 >> 0004750 00000003 >> 0004754 00000004 Note : Numbers starting with 0x will be interpreted as hex by od.","breadcrumbs":"Binary » Extract parts of file","id":"133","title":"Extract parts of file"},"134":{"body":"xxd [opts] -p dump continuous hexdump -r convert hexdump into binary ('revert') -e dump as little endian mode -i output as C array","breadcrumbs":"Binary » xxd(1)","id":"134","title":"xxd(1)"},"135":{"body":"echo -n 'aabb' | xxd -p >> 61616262","breadcrumbs":"Binary » ASCII to hex stream","id":"135","title":"ASCII to hex stream"},"136":{"body":"echo -n '61616262' | xxd -p -r >> aabb","breadcrumbs":"Binary » Hex to binary stream","id":"136","title":"Hex to binary stream"},"137":{"body":"echo -n '\\x7fELF' | xxd -p | xxd -p -r | file -p - >> ELF","breadcrumbs":"Binary » ASCII to binary","id":"137","title":"ASCII to binary"},"138":{"body":"xxd -i <(echo -n '\\x7fELF') >> unsigned char _proc_self_fd_11[] = { >> 0x7f, 0x45, 0x4c, 0x46 >> }; >> unsigned int _proc_self_fd_11_len = 4;","breadcrumbs":"Binary » ASCII to C array (hex encoded)","id":"138","title":"ASCII to C array (hex encoded)"},"139":{"body":"readelf [opts]  -W|--wide wide output, dont break output at 80 chars -h print ELF header -S print section headers -l print program headers + segment mapping -d print .dynamic section (dynamic link information) --syms print symbol tables (.symtab .dynsym) --dyn-syms print dynamic symbol table (exported symbols for dynamic linker) -r print relocation sections (.rel.*, .rela.*)","breadcrumbs":"Binary » readelf(1)","id":"139","title":"readelf(1)"},"14":{"body":"j>&i Duplicate fd i to fd j, making j a copy of i. See dup2(2) . Example: command 2>&1 >file duplicate fd 1 to fd 2, effectively redirecting stderr to stdout redirect stdout to file","breadcrumbs":"Tools » Explanation","id":"14","title":"Explanation"},"140":{"body":"objdump [opts]  -M intel use intil syntax -d disassemble text section -D disassemble all sections -S mix disassembly with source code -C demangle -j 
       display info for section --[no-]show-raw-insn [dont] show object code next to disassembly","breadcrumbs":"Binary » objdump(1)","id":"140","title":"objdump(1)"},"141":{"body":"For example .plt section: objdump -j .plt -d ","breadcrumbs":"Binary » Disassemble section","id":"141","title":"Disassemble section"},"142":{"body":"nm [opts]  -C demangle -u undefined only","breadcrumbs":"Binary » nm(1)","id":"142","title":"nm(1)"},"143":{"body":"c++filt c++ glibc gcc [make] (./make.md) ld.so","breadcrumbs":"Development","id":"143","title":"Development"},"144":{"body":"","breadcrumbs":"Development » c++filt(1)","id":"144","title":"c++filt(1)"},"145":{"body":"c++-filt ","breadcrumbs":"Development » Demangle symbol","id":"145","title":"Demangle symbol"},"146":{"body":"For example dynamic symbol table: readelf -W --dyn-syms  | c++filt","breadcrumbs":"Development » Demangle stream","id":"146","title":"Demangle stream"},"147":{"body":"","breadcrumbs":"Development » c++","id":"147","title":"c++"},"148":{"body":"Force compile error to see what auto is deduced to. auto foo = bar(); // force compile error\ntypename decltype(foo)::_;","breadcrumbs":"Development » Type deduction","id":"148","title":"Type deduction"},"149":{"body":"","breadcrumbs":"Development » glibc","id":"149","title":"glibc"},"15":{"body":"The getopts builtin uses following global variables: OPTARG, value of last option argument OPTIND, index of the next argument to process (user must reset) OPTERR, display errors if set to 1 getopts   []  specifies the names of supported options, eg f:c f: means -f option with an argument c means -c option without an argument  specifies a variable name which getopts fills with the last parsed option argument  optionally specify argument string to parse, by default getopts parses $@","breadcrumbs":"Tools » Argument parsing with getopts","id":"15","title":"Argument parsing with getopts"},"150":{"body":"Trace memory allocation and de-allocation to detect memory leaks. Need to call mtrace(3) to install the tracing hooks. If we can't modify the binary to call mtrace we can create a small shared library and pre-load it. // libmtrace.c\n#include \n__attribute__((constructor)) static void init_mtrace() { mtrace(); } Compile as: gcc -shared -fPIC -o libmtrace.so libmtrace.c To generate the trace file run: export MALLOC_TRACE=\nLD_PRELOAD=./libmtrace.so  Note : If MALLOC_TRACE is not set mtrace won't install tracing hooks. To get the results of the trace file: mtrace  $MALLOC_TRACE","breadcrumbs":"Development » malloc tracer mtrace(3)","id":"150","title":"malloc tracer mtrace(3)"},"151":{"body":"Configure action when glibc detects memory error. export MALLOC_CHECK_= Useful values: 1 print detailed error & continue\n3 print detailed error + stack trace + memory mappings & abort\n7 print simple error message + stack trace + memory mappings & abort","breadcrumbs":"Development » malloc check mallopt(3)","id":"151","title":"malloc check mallopt(3)"},"152":{"body":"","breadcrumbs":"Development » gcc(1)","id":"152","title":"gcc(1)"},"153":{"body":"","breadcrumbs":"Development » CLI","id":"153","title":"CLI"},"154":{"body":"While debugging can be helpful to just pre-process files. gcc -E [-dM] ... -E run only preprocessor -dM list only #define statements","breadcrumbs":"Development » Preprocessing","id":"154","title":"Preprocessing"},"155":{"body":"","breadcrumbs":"Development » Builtins","id":"155","title":"Builtins"},"156":{"body":"Give the compiler a hint which branch is hot, so it can lay out the code accordingly to reduce number of jump instructions. See on compiler explorer . echo \"\nextern void foo();\nextern void bar();\nvoid run0(int x) { if (__builtin_expect(x,0)) { foo(); } else { bar(); }\n}\nvoid run1(int x) { if (__builtin_expect(x,1)) { foo(); } else { bar(); }\n}\n\" | gcc -O2 -S -masm=intel -o /dev/stdout -xc - Will generate something similar to the following. run0: bar is on the path without branch run1: foo is on the path without branch run0: test edi, edi jne .L4 xor eax, eax jmp bar\n.L4: xor eax, eax jmp foo\nrun1: test edi, edi je .L6 xor eax, eax jmp foo\n.L6: xor eax, eax jmp bar","breadcrumbs":"Development » __builtin_expect(expr, cond)","id":"156","title":"__builtin_expect(expr, cond)"},"157":{"body":"C ABI - SystemV ABI C++ ABI - C++ Itanium ABI","breadcrumbs":"Development » ABI (Linux)","id":"157","title":"ABI (Linux)"},"158":{"body":"","breadcrumbs":"Development » make(1)","id":"158","title":"make(1)"},"159":{"body":"target .. : prerequisite .. recipe .. target: an output generated by the rule prerequisite: an input that is used to generate the target recipe: list of actions to generate the output from the input Use make -p to print all rules and variables (implicitly + explicitly defined).","breadcrumbs":"Development » Anatomy of make rules","id":"159","title":"Anatomy of make rules"},"16":{"body":"#!/bin/bash\nfunction parse_args() { while getopts \"f:c\" PARAM; do case $PARAM in f) echo \"GOT -f $OPTARG\";; c) echo \"GOT -c\";; *) echo \"ERR: print usage\"; exit 1;; esac done # users responsibility to reset OPTIND OPTIND=0\n} parse_args -f xxx -c\nparse_args -f yyy","breadcrumbs":"Tools » Example","id":"16","title":"Example"},"160":{"body":"","breadcrumbs":"Development » Pattern rules & Automatic variables","id":"160","title":"Pattern rules & Automatic variables"},"161":{"body":"A pattern rule contains the % char (exactly one of them) and look like this example: %.o : %.c $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $< -o $@ The target matches files of the pattern %.o, where % matches any none-empty substring and other character match just them self. The substring matched by % is called the stem. % in the prerequisite stands for the matched stem in the target.","breadcrumbs":"Development » Pattern rules","id":"161","title":"Pattern rules"},"162":{"body":"As targets and prerequisites in pattern rules can't be spelled explicitly in the recipe, make provides a set of automatic variables to work with: $@: Name of the target that triggered the rule. $<: Name of the first prerequisite. $^: Names of all prerequisites (without duplicates). $+: Names of all prerequisites (with duplicates). $*: Stem of the pattern rule. # file: Makefile all: foobar blabla foo% bla%: aaa bbb bbb @echo \"@ = $@\" @echo \"< = $<\" @echo \"^ = $^\" @echo \"+ = $+\" @echo \"* = $*\" @echo \"----\" aaa:\nbbb: Running above Makefile gives: @ = foobar\n< = aaa\n^ = aaa bbb\n+ = aaa bbb bbb\n* = bar\n----\n@ = blabla\n< = aaa\n^ = aaa bbb\n+ = aaa bbb bbb\n* = bla\n----","breadcrumbs":"Development » Automatic variables","id":"162","title":"Automatic variables"},"163":{"body":"","breadcrumbs":"Development » Useful functions","id":"163","title":"Useful functions"},"164":{"body":"Substitute strings matching pattern in a list. in := a.o l.a c.o\nout := $(in:.o=.c)\n# => out = a.c l.a c.c","breadcrumbs":"Development » Substitution references","id":"164","title":"Substitution references"},"165":{"body":"Keep strings matching a pattern in a list. in := a.a b.b c.c d.d\nout := $(filter %.b %.c, $(in))\n# => out = b.b c.c","breadcrumbs":"Development » filter","id":"165","title":"filter"},"166":{"body":"Remove strings matching a pattern from a list. in := a.a b.b c.c d.d\nout := $(filter-out %.b %.c, $(in))\n# => out = a.a d.d","breadcrumbs":"Development » filter-out","id":"166","title":"filter-out"},"167":{"body":"Resolve each file name as absolute path (don't resolve symlinks). $(abspath fname1 fname2 ..) ### `realpath`\nResolve each file name as canonical path.\n```make\n$(realpath fname1 fname2 ..)","breadcrumbs":"Development » abspath","id":"167","title":"abspath"},"168":{"body":"","breadcrumbs":"Development » ld.so(8)","id":"168","title":"ld.so(8)"},"169":{"body":"LD_PRELOAD= colon separated list of libso's to be pre loaded LD_DEBUG= comma separated list of debug options =help list available options =libs show library search path =files processing of input files =symbols show search path for symbol lookup =bindings show against which definition a symbol is bound","breadcrumbs":"Development » Environment Variables","id":"169","title":"Environment Variables"},"17":{"body":"The complete builtin is used to interact with the completion system. complete # print currently installed completion handler\ncomplete -F   # install  as completion handler for \ncomplete -r  # uninstall completion handler for  Variables available in completion functions: # in\n$1 # \n$2 # current word\n$3 # privous word COMP_WORDS # array with current command line words\nCOMP_CWORD # index into COMP_WORDS with current cursor position # out\nCOMPREPLY # array with possible completions The compgen builtin is used to generate possible matches by comparing word against words generated by option. compgen

    Special statements & functions

     diff --git a/tools/radare2.html b/tools/radare2.html index 11af5e6..413b4ff 100644 --- a/tools/radare2.html +++ b/tools/radare2.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/tools/tmux.html b/tools/tmux.html index 1c3b9d2..1e49342 100644 --- a/tools/tmux.html +++ b/tools/tmux.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/tools/zsh.html b/tools/zsh.html index 518cf2d..b476c33 100644 --- a/tools/zsh.html +++ b/tools/zsh.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/trace_profile/index.html b/trace_profile/index.html index 48bd2d5..7cb320c 100644 --- a/trace_profile/index.html +++ b/trace_profile/index.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/trace_profile/ltrace.html b/trace_profile/ltrace.html index 666a033..0684fac 100644 --- a/trace_profile/ltrace.html +++ b/trace_profile/ltrace.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/trace_profile/oprofile.html b/trace_profile/oprofile.html index ede1ab5..f6c24ab 100644 --- a/trace_profile/oprofile.html +++ b/trace_profile/oprofile.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/trace_profile/perf.html b/trace_profile/perf.html index 9ec0561..c67b1cb 100644 --- a/trace_profile/perf.html +++ b/trace_profile/perf.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/trace_profile/strace.html b/trace_profile/strace.html index e59c382..21101be 100644 --- a/trace_profile/strace.html +++ b/trace_profile/strace.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ diff --git a/trace_profile/time.html b/trace_profile/time.html index f099942..617d3ff 100644 --- a/trace_profile/time.html +++ b/trace_profile/time.html @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ -- cgit v1.2.3