From 3de8cfbc28ff4f7619c20d5552e03ca96aab4b01 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Johannes Stoelp Date: Sat, 6 Apr 2024 22:53:33 +0200 Subject: ld.so: remove leading whitespaces --- src/development/ld.so.md | 124 +++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------ 1 file changed, 62 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-) (limited to 'src') diff --git a/src/development/ld.so.md b/src/development/ld.so.md index 062bac6..67ff6e9 100644 --- a/src/development/ld.so.md +++ b/src/development/ld.so.md @@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ ## Environment Variables ```console - LD_PRELOAD= colon separated list of libso's to be pre loaded - LD_DEBUG= comma separated list of debug options - =help list available options - =libs show library search path - =files processing of input files - =symbols show search path for symbol lookup - =bindings show against which definition a symbol is bound +LD_PRELOAD= colon separated list of libso's to be pre loaded +LD_DEBUG= comma separated list of debug options + =help list available options + =libs show library search path + =files processing of input files + =symbols show search path for symbol lookup + =bindings show against which definition a symbol is bound ``` ### LD_LIBRARY_PATH and dlopen(3) @@ -31,14 +31,14 @@ Libraries specified in `LD_PRELOAD` are loaded from `left-to-right` but initialized from `right-to-left`. ```markdown - > ldd ./main - >> libc.so.6 => /usr/lib/libc.so.6 - - > LD_PRELOAD=liba.so:libb.so ./main - --> - preloaded in this order - <-- - initialized in this order +> ldd ./main + >> libc.so.6 => /usr/lib/libc.so.6 + +> LD_PRELOAD=liba.so:libb.so ./main + --> + preloaded in this order + <-- + initialized in this order ``` The preload order determines: @@ -57,17 +57,17 @@ following: This can be seen when running with `LD_DEBUG=files`: ```makrdown - > LD_DEBUG=files LD_PRELOAD=liba.so:libb.so ./main - # load order (-> determines link map) - >> file=liba.so [0]; generating link map - >> file=libb.so [0]; generating link map - >> file=libc.so.6 [0]; generating link map - - # init order - >> calling init: /usr/lib/libc.so.6 - >> calling init: /libb.so - >> calling init: /liba.so - >> initialize program: ./main +> LD_DEBUG=files LD_PRELOAD=liba.so:libb.so ./main + # load order (-> determines link map) + >> file=liba.so [0]; generating link map + >> file=libb.so [0]; generating link map + >> file=libc.so.6 [0]; generating link map + + # init order + >> calling init: /usr/lib/libc.so.6 + >> calling init: /libb.so + >> calling init: /liba.so + >> initialize program: ./main ``` To verify the `link map` order we let `ld.so` resolve the `memcpy(3)` libc @@ -75,12 +75,12 @@ symbol (used in _main_) dynamically, while enabling `LD_DEBUG=symbols,bindings` to see the resolving in action. ```makrdown - > LD_DEBUG=symbols,bindings LD_PRELOAD=liba.so:libb.so ./main - >> symbol=memcpy; lookup in file=./main [0] - >> symbol=memcpy; lookup in file=/liba.so [0] - >> symbol=memcpy; lookup in file=/libb.so [0] - >> symbol=memcpy; lookup in file=/usr/lib/libc.so.6 [0] - >> binding file ./main [0] to /usr/lib/libc.so.6 [0]: normal symbol `memcpy' [GLIBC_2.14] +> LD_DEBUG=symbols,bindings LD_PRELOAD=liba.so:libb.so ./main + >> symbol=memcpy; lookup in file=./main [0] + >> symbol=memcpy; lookup in file=/liba.so [0] + >> symbol=memcpy; lookup in file=/libb.so [0] + >> symbol=memcpy; lookup in file=/usr/lib/libc.so.6 [0] + >> binding file ./main [0] to /usr/lib/libc.so.6 [0]: normal symbol `memcpy' [GLIBC_2.14] ``` ## Dynamic Linking (x86_64) @@ -91,36 +91,36 @@ On the first call the trampoline sets up some metadata and then jumps to the `ld.so` runtime resolve function, which in turn patches the table with the correct function pointer. ```makrdown - .plt ....... procedure linkage table, contains function trampolines, usually - located in code segment (rx permission) - .got.plt ... global offset table for .plt, holds the function pointer table +.plt ....... procedure linkage table, contains function trampolines, usually + located in code segment (rx permission) +.got.plt ... global offset table for .plt, holds the function pointer table ``` Using `radare2` we can analyze this in more detail: ```makrdown - [0x00401040]> pd 4 @ section..got.plt - ;-- section..got.plt: - ;-- .got.plt: ; [22] -rw- section size 32 named .got.plt - ;-- _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_: - [0] 0x00404000 .qword 0x0000000000403e10 ; section..dynamic - [1] 0x00404008 .qword 0x0000000000000000 - ; CODE XREF from section..plt @ +0x6 - [2] 0x00404010 .qword 0x0000000000000000 - ;-- reloc.puts: - ; CODE XREF from sym.imp.puts @ 0x401030 - [3] 0x00404018 .qword 0x0000000000401036 ; RELOC 64 puts - - [0x00401040]> pd 6 @ section..plt - ;-- section..plt: - ;-- .plt: ; [12] -r-x section size 32 named .plt - ┌─> 0x00401020 ff35e22f0000 push qword [0x00404008] - ╎ 0x00401026 ff25e42f0000 jmp qword [0x00404010] - ╎ 0x0040102c 0f1f4000 nop dword [rax] - ┌ 6: int sym.imp.puts (const char *s); - └ ╎ 0x00401030 ff25e22f0000 jmp qword [reloc.puts] - ╎ 0x00401036 6800000000 push 0 - └─< 0x0040103b e9e0ffffff jmp sym..plt +[0x00401040]> pd 4 @ section..got.plt + ;-- section..got.plt: + ;-- .got.plt: ; [22] -rw- section size 32 named .got.plt + ;-- _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_: + [0] 0x00404000 .qword 0x0000000000403e10 ; section..dynamic + [1] 0x00404008 .qword 0x0000000000000000 + ; CODE XREF from section..plt @ +0x6 + [2] 0x00404010 .qword 0x0000000000000000 + ;-- reloc.puts: + ; CODE XREF from sym.imp.puts @ 0x401030 + [3] 0x00404018 .qword 0x0000000000401036 ; RELOC 64 puts + +[0x00401040]> pd 6 @ section..plt + ;-- section..plt: + ;-- .plt: ; [12] -r-x section size 32 named .plt + ┌─> 0x00401020 ff35e22f0000 push qword [0x00404008] + ╎ 0x00401026 ff25e42f0000 jmp qword [0x00404010] + ╎ 0x0040102c 0f1f4000 nop dword [rax] +┌ 6: int sym.imp.puts (const char *s); +└ ╎ 0x00401030 ff25e22f0000 jmp qword [reloc.puts] + ╎ 0x00401036 6800000000 push 0 + └─< 0x0040103b e9e0ffffff jmp sym..plt ``` - At address `0x00401030` in the `.plt` section we see the indirect jump for @@ -136,10 +136,10 @@ Using `radare2` we can analyze this in more detail: - The relocation entry at index `0` tells the resolve function which symbol to search for and where to put the function pointer: ```makrdown - > readelf -r
- >> Relocation section '.rela.plt' at offset 0x4b8 contains 1 entry: - >> Offset Info Type Sym. Value Sym. Name + Addend - >> 000000404018 000200000007 R_X86_64_JUMP_SLO 0000000000000000 puts@GLIBC_2.2.5 + 0 - ``` + > readelf -r
+ >> Relocation section '.rela.plt' at offset 0x4b8 contains 1 entry: + >> Offset Info Type Sym. Value Sym. Name + Addend + >> 000000404018 000200000007 R_X86_64_JUMP_SLO 0000000000000000 puts@GLIBC_2.2.5 + 0 + ``` As we can see the offset from relocation at index `0` points to `GOT[3]`. -- cgit v1.2.3