/* git help */

   - remote
      git remote -v                     list remotes verbose (with URLs)
      git remote show [-n] <remote>     list info for <remote> (like remote HEAD, remote branches, tracking mapping)
                                        -n show available info without contacting remote (offline mode)

   - branching
      git branch [-a]               list available branches; -a to include remote branches
      git branch -vv                list branch & annotate with head sha1 & remote tracking branch
      git branch <bname>            create branch with name <bname>
      git checkout <bname>          switch to branch with name <bname>
      git push -u origin <rbname>   push branch to origin (or other remote), and setup <rbname> as tracking branch

   - resetting
      git reset [type] <ref|commit>
         type:
            --mixed              resets index, but not working tree
            --hard               matches the working tree and index to that of the tree being switched to
                                 any changes to tracked files in the working tree since <commit> are lost
      git reset HEAD <file>      remove file from staging
      git reset --soft HEAD~1    delete most recent commit but keep work
      git reset --hard HEAD~1    delete most recent commit and delete work

   - tags
      git tag -a <tname> -m "descr"          creates an annotated tag (full object containing tagger, date, ...)
      git tag -l                             list available tags
      git checkout tag/<tname>               checkout specific tag
      git checkout tag/<tname> -b <bname>    checkout specific tag in a new branch

   - diff
      git diff HEAD:<fname> origin/HEAD:<fname>     diff files for different refs
      git diff -U$(wc -l <fname>) <fname>           shows complete file with diffs instead of usual diff snippets

   - log
      git log --oneline         shows log in single line per commit -> alias for '--pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit'
      git log --graph           text based graph of commit history
      git log --decorate        decorate log with REFs

   - patching
      git format-patch <opt> <since>/<revision range>
         opt:
            -N                  use [PATCH] even with multiple patches (default is [PATCH n/m]
                                where n is current commit num and m is total commit num in patch)
            --start-number <n>  start output file generation with <n> as start number instead '1'
         since spcifier:
            -3                  e.g: create a patch from last three commits
            <comit hash>        create patch with commits starting after <comit hash>

      git am <patch>            apply patch and create a commit for it

      git apply --stat <PATCH>      see which files the patch would change
      git apply --check <PATCH>     see if the patch can be applied cleanly
      git apply <PATCH>             apply the patch locally without creating a commit

      # eg: generate patches for each commit from initial commit on
      git format-patch -N $(git rev-list --max-parents=0 HEAD)

     # generate single patch file from a certain commit/ref
     git format-patch <COMMIT/REF> --stdout > my-patch.patch

   - <revision range>
      HEAD                                      last commit
      HEAD~1                                    last commit-1
      HEAD~N                                    last commit-N (linear backwards when in tree structure, check difference between HEAD^ and HEAD~)
      git rev-list --max-parents=0 HEAD         first commit