# git
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# toc
  |remote|
  |branching|
  |resetting|
  |tags|
  |diff|
  |log|
  |inspection|
  |patching|
  |submodules|
  |revision_range|

  - *remote*
      git remote -v ............................... list remotes verbose (with URLs)
      git remote show [-n] <remote> ............... list info for <remote> (like remote HEAD, remote branches,
                                                    tracking mapping)

  - *branching*
      git branch [-a] ............................. list available branches; -a to include remote branches
      git branch -vv .............................. list branch & annotate with head sha1 & remote tracking branch
      git branch <bname> .......................... create branch with name <bname>
      git checkout <bname> ........................ switch to branch with name <bname>
      git push -u origin <rbname> ................. push branch to origin (or other remote), and setup <rbname> as
                                                    tracking branch

  - *resetting*
      git reset [opt] <ref|commit>
        opt:
          --mixed ................................. resets index, but not working tree
          --hard .................................. matches the working tree and index to that of the tree being
                                                    switched to any changes to tracked files in the working tree since
                                                    <commit> are lost
      git reset HEAD <file> ....................... remove file from staging
      git reset --soft HEAD~1 ..................... delete most recent commit but keep work
      git reset --hard HEAD~1 ..................... delete most recent commit and delete work

  - *tags*
      git tag -a <tname> -m "descr" ............... creates an annotated tag (full object containing tagger, date, ...)
      git tag -l .................................. list available tags
      git checkout tag/<tname> .................... checkout specific tag
      git checkout tag/<tname> -b <bname> ......... checkout specific tag in a new branch

  - *diff*
      git diff HEAD:<fname> origin/HEAD:<fname> ... diff files for different refs
      git diff -U$(wc -l <fname>) <fname> ......... shows complete file with diffs instead of usual diff snippets

  - *log*
      git log --oneline ........................... shows log in single line per commit -> alias for '--pretty=oneline
                                                    --abbrev-commit'
      git log --graph ............................. text based graph of commit history
      git log --decorate .......................... decorate log with REFs

  - *inspection*
      git ls-tree [-r] <ref> ...................... show git tree for <ref>, -r to recursively ls sub-trees
      git show <obj> .............................. show <obj>
      git cat-file -p <obj> ....................... print content of <obj>

  - *patching*
      git format-patch <opt> <since>/<revision range>
        opt:
          -N ...................................... use [PATCH] even with multiple patches (default is [PATCH n/m]
                                                    where n is current commit num and m is total commit num in patch)
          --start-number <n> ...................... start output file generation with <n> as start number instead '1'
        since spcifier:
          -3 ...................................... e.g: create a patch from last three commits
          <comit hash> ............................ create patch with commits starting after <comit hash>

      git am <patch> .............................. apply patch and create a commit for it

      git apply --stat <PATCH> .................... see which files the patch would change
      git apply --check <PATCH> ................... see if the patch can be applied cleanly
      git apply <PATCH> ........................... apply the patch locally without creating a commit

      # eg: generate patches for each commit from initial commit on
      git format-patch -N $(git rev-list --max-parents=0 HEAD)

      # generate single patch file from a certain commit/ref
      git format-patch <COMMIT/REF> --stdout > my-patch.patch

  - *submodules*
      git submodule add <url> [<path>] ............ add new submodule to current project
      git clone --recursive <url> ................. clone project and recursively all submodules (same as using
                                                    'git submodule update --init --recursive' after clone)
      git submodule update --init --recursive ..... checkout submodules recursively using the commit listed in the
                                                    super-project (in detached HEAD)
      git submodule update --remote <submod> ...... fetch & merge remote changes for <submod>, this will pull
                                                    origin/HEAD or a branch specified for the submodule

  - *revision_range*
      HEAD ........................................ last commit
      HEAD~1 ...................................... last commit-1
      HEAD~N ...................................... last commit-N (linear backwards when in tree structure, check
                                                    difference between HEAD^ and HEAD~)
      git rev-list --max-parents=0 HEAD ........... first commit

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