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<h1 class="menu-title">Notes</h1>
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<h1><a class="header" href="#qemu1" id="qemu1">qemu(1)</a></h1>
<p>All the examples & notes use <code>qemu-system-x86_64</code> but in most cases
this can be swapped with the system emulator for other architectures.</p>
<h2><a class="header" href="#keybindings" id="keybindings">Keybindings</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-markdown">Ctrl+Alt+g release mouse capture from VM
Ctrl+Alt+1 switch to display of VM
Ctrl+Alt+2 switch to qemu monitor
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="header" href="#vm-config-snippet" id="vm-config-snippet">VM config snippet</a></h2>
<p>Following command-line gives a good starting point to assemble a VM:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">qemu-system-x86_64 \
-cpu host -enable-kvm -smp 4 \
-m 8G \
-vga virtio -display sdl,gl=on \
-boot menu=on \
-cdrom <iso> \
-hda <disk> \
-device qemu-xhci,id=xhci \
-device usb-host,bus=xhci.0,vendorid=0x05e1,productid=0x0408,id=capture-card
</code></pre>
<h3><a class="header" href="#cpu--ram" id="cpu--ram">CPU & RAM</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><code>-cpu host</code> emulate host CPU in guest VM</li>
<li><code>-enable-kvm</code> use KVM instead software models (requires KVM on host machine)</li>
<li><code>-smp <N></code> number of guest CPUs</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>List available CPUs <code>qemu-system-x86_64 -cpu help</code>.</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><code>-m 8G</code> size of guest RAM</li>
</ul>
<h3><a class="header" href="#graphic--display" id="graphic--display">Graphic & Display</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><code>-vga virtio</code> use virtio as 3D video graphic accelerator (requires virgl in guest)</li>
<li><code>-display sdl,gl=on</code> use sdl window and enable openGL context</li>
</ul>
<h3><a class="header" href="#boot-menu" id="boot-menu">Boot Menu</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><code>-boot menu=on</code> enables boot menu to select boot device (enter with <code>ESC</code>)</li>
</ul>
<h3><a class="header" href="#block-devices" id="block-devices">Block devices</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><code>-cdrom <iso></code> attach cdrom drive with iso to a VM</li>
<li><code>-hda <disk></code> attach disk drive to a VM</li>
<li><code>-drive file=<file>,format=qcow2</code> generic way to configure & attach a drive to a VM</li>
</ul>
<h4><a class="header" href="#create-a-disk-with-a-hrefhttpsqemureadthedocsioenlatesttoolsqemu-imghtmlqemu-imga" id="create-a-disk-with-a-hrefhttpsqemureadthedocsioenlatesttoolsqemu-imghtmlqemu-imga">Create a disk with <a href="https://qemu.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tools/qemu-img.html"><code>qemu-img</code></a></a></h4>
<p>To create a <code>qcow2</code> disk (qemu copy-on-write) of size <code>10G</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash">qemu-img create -f qcow2 disk.qcow2 10G
</code></pre>
<p>The disk does not contain any <code>partitions</code> or a <code>partition table</code>.
We can format the disk from <strong>within the <strong>guest</strong></strong> as following example:</p>
<pre><code class="language-bash"># Create `gpt` partition table.
sudo parted /dev/sda mktable gpt
# Create two equally sized primary partitions.
sudo parted /dev/sda mkpart primary 0% 50%
sudo parted /dev/sda mkpart primary 50% 100%
# Create filesystem on each partition.
sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda1
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
lsblk -f /dev/sda
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1 ext3 ....
└─sda2 ext4 ....
</code></pre>
<h3><a class="header" href="#usb" id="usb">USB</a></h3>
<h4><a class="header" href="#host-controller" id="host-controller">Host Controller</a></h4>
<ul>
<li><code>-device qemu-xhci,id=xhci</code> add XHCI USB controller to the VM (supports USB 3.0, 2.0, 1.1). <code>id=xhci</code> creates a usb bus named <code>xhci</code>.</li>
</ul>
<h4><a class="header" href="#usb-device" id="usb-device">USB Device</a></h4>
<ul>
<li><code>-device usb-host,bus=xhci.0,vendorid=0x05e1,productid=0x0408</code> pass-through USB device from host identified by vendorid & productid and attach to usb bus <code>xhci.0</code> (defined with controller <code>id</code>)</li>
</ul>
<h2><a class="header" href="#references" id="references">References</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/qemu/qemu/blob/master/docs/usb2.txt">QEMU USB</a></li>
<li><a href="https://qemu.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tools/qemu-img.html">QEMU IMG</a></li>
<li><a href="https://qemu.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tools/index.html">QEMU Tools</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.qemu.org/docs/master/system/index.html">QEMU System</a></li>
</ul>
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