diff options
6 files changed, 228 insertions, 8 deletions
diff --git a/content/2023-01-14-xpost-matcha-threads/gen-svg.sh b/content/2023-01-14-xpost-matcha-threads/gen-svg.sh index 365e243..8991440 100644 --- a/content/2023-01-14-xpost-matcha-threads/gen-svg.sh +++ b/content/2023-01-14-xpost-matcha-threads/gen-svg.sh @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ #!/bin/bash drawio -x -f svg -t --svg-theme dark -o os-vs-user-threads.svg os-vs-user-threads.drawio +drawio -x -f svg -t --svg-theme dark -o yield.svg yield.drawio +drawio -x -f svg -t --svg-theme dark -o init-stack.svg init-stack.drawio diff --git a/content/2023-01-14-xpost-matcha-threads/index.md b/content/2023-01-14-xpost-matcha-threads/index.md index 3456b09..a916145 100644 --- a/content/2023-01-14-xpost-matcha-threads/index.md +++ b/content/2023-01-14-xpost-matcha-threads/index.md @@ -51,14 +51,11 @@ underlying cooperative-multitasking and implement such a `yield()` function as shown in the example above. Looking at the final implementation, the yield function does the following: -```txt -yield: - 1. function prologue - 2. push callee-saved regs to current stack - 3. swap stack pointers (current - new) - 4. pop callee-saved regs from new stack - 5. function epilogue & return -``` +1. push callee-saved regs to current stack +2. swap stack pointers (current - new) +3. pop callee-saved regs from new stack + +<img src="yield.svg"> Implementations for different ISAs are available here: - [x86_64][yield-x86] @@ -66,6 +63,24 @@ Implementations for different ISAs are available here: - [armv7a][yield-arm] - [riscv64][yield-rv64] +<div style="overflow: auto;"> +<img src="init-stack.svg" style="float: right; width: 20%; padding-left: 2ch;"> + +Since a thread returns into the last stack-frame of the new thread after +switching the stack pointers in the yield function, special care must be taken +when a new stack is created. + +The _initial stack_ is setup such that, when yield-ing into the new stack for +the first time, the stack contains the initial values for the callee-saved +registers, which yield will restore and the return frame contains an address +which should be returned to when returning from yield. + +An example of setting up the initial stack can be seen in [init_stack +(x86)][init-stack]. From this it can also be seen that the first time the +thread will return to [thread_create][thread-create], which just calls into a +function passed to [init_stack][init-stack]. +</div> + ## Appendix: os-level vs user-level threading The figure below depicts *os-level* threading (left) vs *user-level* threading @@ -89,3 +104,5 @@ to the scheduler, the stack-pointer is switched back to **stack S**. [yield-arm]: https://github.com/johannst/matcha-threads/blob/master/lib/arch/arm/yield.s [yield-arm64]: https://github.com/johannst/matcha-threads/blob/master/lib/arch/arm64/yield.s [yield-rv64]: https://github.com/johannst/matcha-threads/blob/master/lib/arch/riscv64/yield.s +[init-stack]: https://github.com/johannst/matcha-threads/blob/master/lib/arch/x86_64/init_stack.cc +[thread-create]: https://github.com/johannst/matcha-threads/blob/master/lib/arch/x86_64/thread_create.s diff --git a/content/2023-01-14-xpost-matcha-threads/init-stack.drawio b/content/2023-01-14-xpost-matcha-threads/init-stack.drawio new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eb0859f --- /dev/null +++ b/content/2023-01-14-xpost-matcha-threads/init-stack.drawio @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +<mxfile host="Electron" modified="2024-12-17T22:25:02.025Z" agent="Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) draw.io/23.1.5 Chrome/120.0.6099.109 Electron/28.1.0 Safari/537.36" etag="tKiDaYk_CW1yGI5HMTUf" version="23.1.5" type="device"> + <diagram name="Page-1" id="eupsqoG42ICuPfNcTmHv"> + <mxGraphModel dx="683" dy="410" grid="1" gridSize="10" guides="1" tooltips="1" connect="1" arrows="1" fold="1" page="1" pageScale="1" pageWidth="850" pageHeight="1100" math="0" shadow="0"> + <root> + <mxCell id="0" /> + <mxCell id="1" parent="0" /> + <mxCell id="eODdzWfbsgeiVxMC9DDa-1" value="" style="rounded=0;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;fontFamily=monospace;fillColor=none;" parent="1" vertex="1"> + <mxGeometry x="240" y="400" width="120" height="200" as="geometry" /> + </mxCell> + <mxCell id="eODdzWfbsgeiVxMC9DDa-2" value="<font>initial<br>stack layout</font>" style="text;html=1;align=center;verticalAlign=middle;whiteSpace=wrap;rounded=0;fontFamily=monospace;" parent="1" vertex="1"> + <mxGeometry x="240" y="360" width="120" height="30" as="geometry" /> + </mxCell> + <mxCell id="eODdzWfbsgeiVxMC9DDa-4" value="initial values for callee-saved registers" style="rounded=0;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;fontFamily=monospace;strokeColor=#ffffff;fillColor=none;" parent="1" vertex="1"> + <mxGeometry x="240" y="480" width="120" height="50" as="geometry" /> + </mxCell> + <mxCell id="eODdzWfbsgeiVxMC9DDa-26" value="<font style="font-size: 11px;">return frame<br>(thread_create)<br></font>" style="rounded=0;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;fontFamily=monospace;strokeColor=default;fillColor=none;fontColor=#FFFFFF;" parent="1" vertex="1"> + <mxGeometry x="240" y="440" width="120" height="40" as="geometry" /> + </mxCell> + <mxCell id="o6MmRjZrtVa51bDexMuh-1" value="<span style="font-size: 11px;">thread_create args</span>" style="rounded=0;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;fontFamily=monospace;strokeColor=default;fillColor=none;fontColor=#FFFFFF;" vertex="1" parent="1"> + <mxGeometry x="240" y="400" width="120" height="40" as="geometry" /> + </mxCell> + </root> + </mxGraphModel> + </diagram> +</mxfile> diff --git a/content/2023-01-14-xpost-matcha-threads/init-stack.svg b/content/2023-01-14-xpost-matcha-threads/init-stack.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2abc191 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/2023-01-14-xpost-matcha-threads/init-stack.svg @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> +<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> +<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" width="121px" height="241px" viewBox="-0.5 -0.5 121 241"><defs/><g><rect x="0" y="40" width="120" height="200" fill="none" stroke="rgb(240, 240, 240)" pointer-events="all"/><rect x="0" y="0" width="120" height="30" fill="none" stroke="none" pointer-events="all"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility" style="overflow: visible; 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text-align: left;"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe center; justify-content: unsafe center; width: 118px; height: 1px; padding-top: 420px; margin-left: 161px;"><div data-drawio-colors="color: #FFFFFF; " style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0px; text-align: center;"><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: monospace; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: all; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: normal;"><font style="font-size: 11px;">callee-saved regs</font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="220" y="424" fill="#FFFFFF" font-family="monospace" font-size="12px" text-anchor="middle">callee-saved regs</text></switch></g><rect x="0" y="0" width="140" height="60" fill="none" stroke="none" pointer-events="all"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility" style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe flex-start; justify-content: unsafe flex-start; width: 138px; height: 1px; padding-top: 7px; margin-left: 2px;"><div data-drawio-colors="color: rgb(240, 240, 240); " style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: monospace; color: rgb(240, 240, 240); line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: all; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: normal;"><font><i>(1) save callee-saved registers of current thread</i></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="2" y="19" fill="rgb(240, 240, 240)" font-family="monospace" font-size="12px">(1) save callee-saved r...</text></switch></g><rect x="360" y="0" width="140" height="50" fill="none" stroke="none" pointer-events="all"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject pointer-events="none" width="100%" height="100%" requiredFeatures="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#Extensibility" style="overflow: visible; text-align: left;"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: flex; align-items: unsafe flex-start; justify-content: unsafe flex-start; width: 138px; height: 1px; padding-top: 7px; margin-left: 362px;"><div data-drawio-colors="color: rgb(240, 240, 240); " style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; font-family: monospace; color: rgb(240, 240, 240); line-height: 1.2; pointer-events: all; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: normal;"><font><i>(2) move to new stack pointer</i></font></div></div></div></foreignObject><text x="362" y="19" fill="rgb(240, 240, 240)" font-family="monospace" font-size="12px">(2) move to new stack p...</text></switch></g><rect x="0" y="320" width="140" height="60" fill="none" stroke="none" pointer-events="all"/><g transform="translate(-0.5 -0.5)"><switch><foreignObject 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