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-                <ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="intro.html">Introduction</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="shells/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Shells</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="shells/zsh.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> zsh</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="shells/bash.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> bash</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="shells/fish.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> fish</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="cli/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> CLI foo</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="cli/awk.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> awk</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="cli/sed.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> sed</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="cli/column.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> column</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="cli/sort.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> sort</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="cli/tr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> tr</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="cli/tac.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> tac</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="cli/paste.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.7.</strong> paste</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Tools</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/tmux.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> tmux</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/screen.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> screen</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/emacs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> emacs</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/gpg.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> gpg</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/radare2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> radare2</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/qemu.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> qemu</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/pacman.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.7.</strong> pacman</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/dot.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.8.</strong> dot</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/ffmpeg.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.9.</strong> ffmpeg</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/gnuplot.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.10.</strong> gnuplot</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/restic.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.11.</strong> restic</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/qrencode.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.12.</strong> qrencode</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="process/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Process management & inspection</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="process/lsof.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> lsof</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="process/pidstat.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> pidstat</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="process/pgrep.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> pgrep</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="process/ps.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> ps</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="process/pmap.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.</strong> pmap</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="process/pstack.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.6.</strong> pstack</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="process/taskset.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.7.</strong> taskset</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="process/nice.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.8.</strong> nice</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="trace_profile/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Trace and Profile</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="trace_profile/time.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> time</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="trace_profile/strace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> strace</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="trace_profile/ltrace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> ltrace</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="trace_profile/perf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> perf</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="trace_profile/oprofile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> OProfile</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="trace_profile/callgrind.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> callgrind</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="trace_profile/valgrind.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.7.</strong> valgrind</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="debug/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Debug</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="debug/gdb.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> gdb</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="debug/gdbserver.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> gdbserver</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="binary/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> Binary</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="binary/od.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.1.</strong> od</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="binary/xxd.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.2.</strong> xxd</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="binary/readelf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.3.</strong> readelf</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="binary/objdump.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.4.</strong> objdump</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="binary/nm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.5.</strong> nm</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> Development</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/c++filt.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.1.</strong> c++filt</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/c++.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.</strong> c++</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/glibc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.3.</strong> glibc</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/gcc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.4.</strong> gcc</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/git.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.</strong> git</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/cmake.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.6.</strong> cmake</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/make.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.7.</strong> make</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/ld.so.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.8.</strong> ld.so</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/symbolver.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.9.</strong> symbol versioning</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/python.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.10.</strong> python</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/gcov.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.11.</strong> gcov</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/pgo.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.12.</strong> pgo</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="linux/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.</strong> Linux</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="linux/systemd.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.1.</strong> systemd</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="linux/coredump.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.</strong> coredump</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="linux/ptrace_scope.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.</strong> ptrace_scope</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="linux/cryptsetup.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.4.</strong> cryptsetup</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="linux/swap.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.5.</strong> swap</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="linux/input.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.6.</strong> input</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="linux/acl.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.7.</strong> acl</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="linux/zfs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.8.</strong> zfs</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="linux/cpufreq.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.9.</strong> cpufreq</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="linux/cups.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.10.</strong> cups</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="network/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.</strong> Network</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="network/ssh.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.</strong> ssh</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="network/ss.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.2.</strong> ss</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="network/tcpdump.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.3.</strong> tcpdump</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="network/tshark.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.4.</strong> tshark</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="network/firewall-cmd.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.5.</strong> firewall-cmd</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="network/nftables.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.6.</strong> nftables</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="web/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.</strong> Web</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="web/html.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.1.</strong> html</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="web/css.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.2.</strong> css</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="web/chartjs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.3.</strong> chartjs</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="arch/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.</strong> Arch</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="arch/x86_64.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.1.</strong> x86_64</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="arch/armv8.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.2.</strong> armv8</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="arch/arm64.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.3.</strong> arm64</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="arch/armv7.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.4.</strong> armv7</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="arch/riscv.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.5.</strong> riscv</a></li></ol></li></ol>
+                <ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="intro.html">Introduction</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="shells/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Shells</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="shells/zsh.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> zsh</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="shells/bash.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> bash</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="shells/fish.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> fish</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="cli/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> CLI foo</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="cli/awk.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> awk</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="cli/sed.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> sed</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="cli/column.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> column</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="cli/sort.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> sort</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="cli/tr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> tr</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="cli/tac.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> tac</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="cli/paste.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.7.</strong> paste</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Tools</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/tmux.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> tmux</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/screen.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> screen</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/emacs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> emacs</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/gpg.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> gpg</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/radare2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> radare2</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/qemu.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> qemu</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/pacman.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.7.</strong> pacman</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/dot.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.8.</strong> dot</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/ffmpeg.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.9.</strong> ffmpeg</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/gnuplot.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.10.</strong> gnuplot</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/restic.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.11.</strong> restic</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="tools/qrencode.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.12.</strong> qrencode</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="process/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Process management & inspection</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="process/lsof.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> lsof</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="process/pidstat.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> pidstat</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="process/pgrep.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> pgrep</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="process/ps.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> ps</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="process/pmap.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.</strong> pmap</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="process/pstack.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.6.</strong> pstack</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="process/taskset.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.7.</strong> taskset</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="process/nice.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.8.</strong> nice</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="trace_profile/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Trace and Profile</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="trace_profile/time.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> time</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="trace_profile/strace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> strace</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="trace_profile/ltrace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> ltrace</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="trace_profile/perf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> perf</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="trace_profile/oprofile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> OProfile</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="trace_profile/callgrind.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> callgrind</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="trace_profile/valgrind.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.7.</strong> valgrind</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="debug/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Debug</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="debug/gdb.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> gdb</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="debug/gdbserver.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> gdbserver</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="binary/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> Binary</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="binary/od.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.1.</strong> od</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="binary/xxd.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.2.</strong> xxd</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="binary/readelf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.3.</strong> readelf</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="binary/objdump.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.4.</strong> objdump</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="binary/nm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.5.</strong> nm</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> Development</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/c++filt.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.1.</strong> c++filt</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/c++.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.</strong> c++</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/glibc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.3.</strong> glibc</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/gcc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.4.</strong> gcc</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/git.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.</strong> git</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/cmake.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.6.</strong> cmake</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/make.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.7.</strong> make</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/ld.so.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.8.</strong> ld.so</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/symbolver.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.9.</strong> symbol versioning</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/python.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.10.</strong> python</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/gcov.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.11.</strong> gcov</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="development/pgo.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.12.</strong> pgo</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="linux/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.</strong> Linux</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="linux/systemd.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.1.</strong> systemd</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="linux/coredump.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.</strong> coredump</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="linux/ptrace_scope.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.</strong> ptrace_scope</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="linux/cryptsetup.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.4.</strong> cryptsetup</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="linux/swap.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.5.</strong> swap</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="linux/input.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.6.</strong> input</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="linux/acl.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.7.</strong> acl</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="linux/zfs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.8.</strong> zfs</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="linux/cpufreq.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.9.</strong> cpufreq</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="linux/cups.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.10.</strong> cups</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="network/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.</strong> Network</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="network/ssh.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.</strong> ssh</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="network/ss.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.2.</strong> ss</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="network/tcpdump.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.3.</strong> tcpdump</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="network/tshark.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.4.</strong> tshark</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="network/firewall-cmd.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.5.</strong> firewall-cmd</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="network/nftables.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.6.</strong> nftables</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="web/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.</strong> Web</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="web/html.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.1.</strong> html</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="web/css.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.2.</strong> css</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="web/chartjs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.3.</strong> chartjs</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="web/plotly.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.4.</strong> plotly</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="arch/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.</strong> Arch</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="arch/x86_64.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.1.</strong> x86_64</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="arch/armv8.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.2.</strong> armv8</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="arch/arm64.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.3.</strong> arm64</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="arch/armv7.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.4.</strong> armv7</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="arch/riscv.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.5.</strong> riscv</a></li></ol></li></ol>
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@@ -2873,18 +2873,21 @@ opreport [opt] FILE
 ophelp      show supported hw/sw events
 </code></pre>
 <div style="break-before: page; page-break-before: always;"></div><h1 id="callgrind"><a class="header" href="#callgrind">callgrind</a></h1>
-<p>Callgrind is a tracing profiler to record the function call history of a target
-program. It is part of the <a href="https://valgrind.org/docs/manual/cl-manual.html">valgrind</a> tool suite.</p>
+<p>Callgrind is a tracing profiler which records the function call history of a
+target program and collects the number of executed instructions. It is part of
+the <a href="https://valgrind.org/docs/manual/cl-manual.html">valgrind</a> tool suite.</p>
 <p>Profiling data is collected by instrumentation rather than sampling of the
 target program.</p>
 <p>Callgrind does not capture the actual time spent in a function but computes the
-cost of a function based on the instructions fetched (<code>Ir = Instruction read</code>).
+<em>inclusive</em> &amp; <em>exclusive</em> cost of a function based on the instructions fetched
+(<code>Ir = Instruction read</code>). This provides reproducibility and high-precision and
+is a major difference to sampling profilers like <code>perf</code> or <code>vtune</code>.
 Therefore effects like slow IO are not reflected, which should be kept in mind
 when analyzing callgrind results.</p>
 <p>By default the profiler data is dumped when the target process is terminating,
 but <a href="https://valgrind.org/docs/manual/cl-manual.html#cl-manual.callgrind_control-options">callgrind_control</a> allows for interactive control of callgrind.</p>
 <pre><code class="language-bash"># Run a program under callgrind.
-valgrind --tool=callgrind -- &lt;prog&gt;
+valgrind --tool=callgrind -- &lt;prog&gt; [&lt;args&gt;]
 
 # Interactive control of callgrind.
 callgrind_control [opts]
@@ -2897,7 +2900,11 @@ callgrind_control [opts]
 </code></pre>
 <p>Results can be analyzed by using one of the following tools</p>
 <ul>
-<li><a href="https://valgrind.org/docs/manual/cl-manual.html#cl-manual.callgrind_annotate-options">callgrind_annotate</a> (cli)</li>
+<li><a href="https://valgrind.org/docs/manual/cl-manual.html#cl-manual.callgrind_annotate-options">callgrind_annotate</a> (cli)
+<pre><code class="language-sh"># Show only specific trace events (default is all).
+callgrind_annotate --show=Ir,Dr,Dw [callgrind_out_file]
+</code></pre>
+</li>
 <li><a href="https://kcachegrind.github.io/html/Home.html">kcachegrind</a> (ui)</li>
 </ul>
 <p>The following is a collection of frequently used callgrind options.</p>
@@ -2912,7 +2919,29 @@ callgrind_control [opts]
 
     --separate-threads=&lt;yes|no&gt; .... create separate output files per thread,
                                      appends -&lt;thread_id&gt; to the output file
+
+    --cache-sim=&lt;yes|no&gt; ........... control if cache simulation is enabled
 </code></pre>
+<h2 id="trace-events"><a class="header" href="#trace-events">Trace events</a></h2>
+<p>By default callgrind collects following events:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>Ir</code>: Instruction read</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Callgrind also provides a functional cache simulation with their own model,
+which is enabled by passing <code>--cache-sim=yes</code>.
+This simulates a 2-level cache hierarchy with separate L1 <em>instruction</em> and
+<em>data</em> caches (<code>L1i</code>/ <code>L1d</code>) and a <em>unified</em> last level (<code>LL</code>) cache.
+When enabled, this collects the following additional events:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>I1mr</code>: L1 cache miss on instruction read</li>
+<li><code>ILmr</code>: LL cache miss on instruction read</li>
+<li><code>Dr</code>: Data reads access</li>
+<li><code>D1mr</code>: L1 cache miss on data read</li>
+<li><code>DLmr</code>: LL cache miss on data read</li>
+<li><code>Dw</code>: Data write access</li>
+<li><code>D1mw</code>: L1 cache miss on data write</li>
+<li><code>DLmw</code>: LL cache miss on data write</li>
+</ul>
 <h2 id="profile-specific-part-of-the-target"><a class="header" href="#profile-specific-part-of-the-target">Profile specific part of the target</a></h2>
 <p>Programmatically enable/disable instrumentation using the macros defined in
 the callgrind header.</p>
@@ -6980,6 +7009,7 @@ nc localhost 8200
 <li><a href="web/./html.html">html</a></li>
 <li><a href="web/./css.html">css</a></li>
 <li><a href="web/./chartjs.html">chartjs</a></li>
+<li><a href="web/./plotly.html">plotly</a></li>
 </ul>
 <div style="break-before: page; page-break-before: always;"></div><h1 id="html"><a class="header" href="#html">html</a></h1>
 <h2 id="collapsible-element"><a class="header" href="#collapsible-element">Collapsible element</a></h2>
@@ -7494,6 +7524,81 @@ const chart = new Chart(
 );
 &lt;/script&gt;
 </code></pre>
+<div style="break-before: page; page-break-before: always;"></div><h1 id="plotly-js"><a class="header" href="#plotly-js">Plotly js</a></h1>
+<p>Visualization library for javascript based on <code>d3</code>.</p>
+<p>Official documentation is <a href="https://plotly.com/javascript/">here</a>.</p>
+<h2 id="line-chart-example"><a class="header" href="#line-chart-example">Line chart example</a></h2>
+<p>The following is an example for a <em>line</em> chart which contains many options that
+I frequently use. It is bloated on purpose to document the options for myself.</p>
+<p><a href="web/src/plotly.html">Rendered html</a></p>
+<pre><code class="language-html">&lt;div id="plot-1"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
+
+&lt;script&gt;
+  const commits = [ "b5a7c219", "72bb8889", "fa9e9079",  "f5178ed1", "e830fa71" ]
+
+  const common_layout  = {
+    xaxis: {
+      // Set range explicitly because of markers+lines mode used.
+      // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46383368
+      range: [0, commits.length - 1],
+      gridcolor: "ligthgray",
+      rangeslider: {},
+    },
+    yaxis: {
+      title: "runtime in sec",
+      // Disable interactive y-axis zoom.
+      fixedrange: true,
+      gridcolor: "ligthgray",
+    },
+    legend: {
+      orientation: "h",
+      x: 0,
+      y: 1,
+    },
+    modebar: {
+      add: [ "hoverclosest", "hovercompare" ],
+      remove: [ "pan", "lasso", "select", "zoomin", "zoomout" ],
+    },
+    // Transparent plot + paper background.
+    plot_bgcolor: "rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)",
+    paper_bgcolor: "rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)",
+  }
+  const common_config = {
+    // Automatically resize plot when page resizes.
+    responsive: true,
+    // Dont display the plotly logo.
+    displaylogo: false,
+  }
+
+  const plot_1 = document.getElementById("plot-1")
+  const data_10 = {
+    x: commits,
+    y: [ 10.2, 11.4, 10.5, 11.0, 10.0 ],
+    name: "plot 10",
+    mode: "lines+markers",
+  }
+  const data_11 = {
+    x: commits,
+    y: [ 20.2, 21.4, 20.5, 21.0, 20.0 ],
+    name: "plot 11",
+    mode: "lines+markers",
+  }
+
+  Plotly.newPlot(plot_1, [data_10, data_11], {
+    ...common_layout,
+    title: "plot-1",
+  }, common_config)
+
+  plot_1.on("plotly_click", data =&gt; {
+    if (data.points.length == 1) {
+      // Change page to following url.
+      window.location = "https://github.com/johannst/notes/commit/" + data.points[0].x
+    } else {
+      console.log("ignore click event, multiple elements selected")
+    }
+  })
+&lt;/script&gt;
+</code></pre>
 <div style="break-before: page; page-break-before: always;"></div><h1 id="arch"><a class="header" href="#arch">Arch</a></h1>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="arch/./x86_64.html">x86_64</a></li>