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author | Johannes Stoelp <johannes.stoelp@gmail.com> | 2022-04-30 19:23:21 +0200 |
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committer | Johannes Stoelp <johannes.stoelp@gmail.com> | 2022-04-30 19:23:21 +0200 |
commit | 47e0c79a19a2690f9f217d5a1f186359ee5276aa (patch) | |
tree | ec7391878147e601310c9f93f290479a0ed6ee06 /src/arch/riscv.md | |
parent | 3af1751ce6968d394697d64a26f733150f9aa645 (diff) | |
download | notes-47e0c79a19a2690f9f217d5a1f186359ee5276aa.tar.gz notes-47e0c79a19a2690f9f217d5a1f186359ee5276aa.zip |
arch: add riscv
Diffstat (limited to 'src/arch/riscv.md')
-rw-r--r-- | src/arch/riscv.md | 78 |
1 files changed, 78 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/src/arch/riscv.md b/src/arch/riscv.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..483638c --- /dev/null +++ b/src/arch/riscv.md @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +# riscv +keywords: rv32, rv64 + +- ISA type: `RISC` +- Endianness: `little`, `big` + +## Registers +- riscv32 => `XLEN=32` +- riscv64 => `XLEN=64` + +### General purpose registers +```markdown +[XLEN-1:0] abi name desc +--------------------------------------------- +x0 zero zero register +x1 ra return addr +x2 sp stack ptr +x3 gp global ptr +x4 tp thread ptr +x5-x7 t0-t2 temp regs +x8-x9 s0-s1 saved regs +x10-x17 a0-a7 arg regs +x18-x27 s2-s11 saved regs +x28-x31 t3-t6 temp regs +``` + +## ASM skeleton +Small assembler skeleton, ready to use with following properties: +- use raw Linux syscalls (`man 2 syscall` for ABI) +- no `C runtime (crt)` +- gnu assembler [`gas`][gas_doc] +```mipsasm +// file: greet.S + +#include <asm/unistd.h> // syscall NRs + + .section .text, "ax", @progbits + .balign 4 // align code on 4byte boundary + .global _start +_start: + li a0, 2 // fd + la a1, greeting // buf + ld a2, (greeting_len) // &len + li a7, __NR_write // write(2) syscall + ecall + + li a0, 42 // exit code + li a7, __NR_exit // exit(2) syscall + ecall + + .balign 8 // align data on 8byte boundary + .section .rodata, "a", @progbits +greeting: + .asciz "Hi ASM-World!\n" +greeting_len: + .int .-greeting +``` +> man gcc: `file.S` assembler code that must be preprocessed. + +To cross-compile and run: +```bash +> riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc -o greet greet.S -nostartfiles -nostdlib \ + -Wl,--dynamic-linker=/usr/riscv64-linux-gnu/lib/ld-linux-riscv64-lp64d.so.1 \ + && qemu-riscv64 ./greet +Hi ASM-World! +``` +> Cross-compiling on `Ubuntu 20.04 (x86_64)`, paths might differ on other +> distributions. Explicitly specifying the dynamic linker should not be +> required when compiling natively on riscv. +> +> Select dynamic linker according to abi used during compile & link. + +## References +- [GNU Assembler][gas_doc] +- [GNU Assembler Directives][gas_directives] + +[gas_doc]: https://sourceware.org/binutils/docs/as +[gas_directives]: https://sourceware.org/binutils/docs/as/Pseudo-Ops.html#Pseudo-Ops |