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                <ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../intro.html">Introduction</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../shells/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Shells</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../shells/zsh.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> zsh</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../shells/bash.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> bash</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../shells/fish.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> fish</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../cli/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> CLI foo</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../cli/awk.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> awk</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../cli/sed.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> sed</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../cli/column.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> column</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../cli/sort.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> sort</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../cli/tr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> tr</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../cli/tac.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> tac</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../cli/paste.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.7.</strong> paste</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tools/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Tools</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tools/tmux.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> tmux</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tools/emacs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> emacs</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tools/gpg.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> gpg</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tools/radare2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> radare2</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tools/qemu.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> qemu</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tools/pacman.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> pacman</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tools/dot.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.7.</strong> dot</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tools/ffmpeg.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.8.</strong> ffmpeg</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tools/gnuplot.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.9.</strong> gnuplot</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tools/restic.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.10.</strong> restic</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tools/qrencode.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.11.</strong> qrencode</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../process/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Process management & inspection</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../process/lsof.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> lsof</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../process/pidstat.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> pidstat</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../process/pgrep.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> pgrep</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../process/ps.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> ps</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../process/pmap.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.</strong> pmap</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../process/pstack.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.6.</strong> pstack</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../process/taskset.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.7.</strong> taskset</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../process/nice.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.8.</strong> nice</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Trace and Profile</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/time.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> time</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/strace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> strace</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/ltrace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> ltrace</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/perf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> perf</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/oprofile.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> OProfile</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../trace_profile/callgrind.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.6.</strong> callgrind</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../debug/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> Debug</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../debug/gdb.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> gdb</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../debug/gdbserver.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> gdbserver</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../binary/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> Binary</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../binary/od.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.1.</strong> od</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../binary/xxd.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.2.</strong> xxd</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../binary/readelf.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.3.</strong> readelf</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../binary/objdump.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.4.</strong> objdump</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../binary/nm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.5.</strong> nm</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> Development</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/c++filt.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.1.</strong> c++filt</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/c++.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.</strong> c++</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/glibc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.3.</strong> glibc</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/gcc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.4.</strong> gcc</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/git.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.</strong> git</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/cmake.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.6.</strong> cmake</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/make.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.7.</strong> make</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/ld.so.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.8.</strong> ld.so</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/symbolver.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.9.</strong> symbol versioning</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/python.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.10.</strong> python</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/gcov.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.11.</strong> gcov</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../development/pgo.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.12.</strong> pgo</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../linux/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.</strong> Linux</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../linux/systemd.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.1.</strong> systemd</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../linux/coredump.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.</strong> coredump</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../linux/ptrace_scope.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.</strong> ptrace_scope</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../linux/cryptsetup.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.4.</strong> cryptsetup</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../linux/swap.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.5.</strong> swap</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../linux/input.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.6.</strong> input</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../linux/acl.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.7.</strong> acl</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../linux/zfs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.8.</strong> zfs</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../linux/cpufreq.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.9.</strong> cpufreq</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../linux/cups.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.10.</strong> cups</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../network/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.</strong> Network</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../network/ssh.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.</strong> ssh</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../network/ss.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.2.</strong> ss</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a 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                        <h1 id="ssh-1"><a class="header" href="#ssh-1">ssh (1)</a></h1>
<h2 id="ssh-tunnel"><a class="header" href="#ssh-tunnel">ssh tunnel</a></h2>
<p>Abbreviations used:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>LPORT</code>: local port</li>
<li><code>LADDR</code>: local address</li>
<li><code>RPORT</code>: remote port</li>
<li><code>RADDR</code>: remote address</li>
</ul>
<p>The <code>-L</code> flag sets up a ssh tunnel to forward port <code>LPORT</code> on the local host to
<code>RADDR:RPORT</code> via the machine <code>gateway</code> (ssh tunnel endpoint).</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh"># Forward local port to remote port on gateway.
ssh -L LPORT:RPORT gateway

# Forward local port to remote port on remote address via gateway.
ssh -L LPORT:RADDR:RPORT gateway
</code></pre>
<p>In this scenario, requests are issued on the local machine and target some
remote resource, effectively making a remote resource accessible on the local
machine, which may be hidden behind the tunnel endpoint (gateway).</p>
<p>The <code>-R</code> flag sets up a ssh tunnel to expose the local port <code>LPORT</code> as <code>RPORT</code>
on the remote machine <code>gateway</code>.</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh"># Expose local port via remote port on gateway.
ssh -R RPORT:LPORT gateway

# Expose local port of machine with local address via remote port on gateway.
ssh -R RPORT:LADDR:LPORT gateway
</code></pre>
<p>In this scenario, requests are issued on the gateway and target some resource
in the local network, effectively exposing the local resource on the remote
machine (gateway).</p>
<p>The trick to memorize the syntax is to read the forwarding rules left
(source) to right (destination) while <code>-L</code> means that requests are issued
locally and <code>-R</code> means that requests are issued remotely.</p>
<p>The following flags are useful for setting up ssh tunnels:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>-N</code> just stop before running the command on the remote side (w/o cmd dont
drop into shell)</li>
<li><code>-f</code> run <code>ssh</code> command in the background</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="example"><a class="header" href="#example">Example</a></h3>
<pre><code class="language-sh"># Forward requests on localhost:8080 to moose:1234 and keep ssh in forground
# but dont drop into a shell.
ssh -N -L 8080:1234 moose

# Forward requests on moose:80 to localhost:8080 and keep ssh in forground but
# dont drop into a shell.
ssh -N -R 80:8080 moose
</code></pre>
<h2 id="ssh-keys"><a class="header" href="#ssh-keys">ssh keys</a></h2>
<p>Utility script to generate ssh key pairs.</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">NAME=${1:?Pass new keyname as first arg}

TYPE=ed25519
FILE=${HOME}/.ssh/${NAME}-${TYPE}

if [[ -f ${FILE} || -f ${FILE}.pub ]]; then
    echo "Key with name '${NAME}' already exists, remove following files explicitly:"
    echo "  ${FILE} ${FILE}.pub"
    exit 1;
fi

set -x
ssh-keygen -C "${NAME}.${USER}@${HOSTNAME}" -f ${FILE} -t ${TYPE} -a 100
</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>In case one needs to generate many keys at one, one can provide a passphrase
by <code>-N "toor"</code> or an empty one as <code>-N ""</code>.</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="ssh-config---sshconfig"><a class="header" href="#ssh-config---sshconfig">ssh config - <code>~/.ssh/config</code></a></h2>
<p>Frequently used configs for single match.</p>
<pre><code class="language-nginx"># When ssh-ing into FOO or BAR do it as user git with given key.
host foo bar
    user git
    identityfile ~/.ssh/some-key

# When ssh-ing into moose actually log into host with ip addr 1.2.3.4.
# Can be used as alias for machines w/o DNS entries.
host moose
    user root
    port 8022
    hostname 1.2.3.4
    identityfile ~/.ssh/some-key
</code></pre>
<p>Pattern matching and evaluation order.</p>
<pre><code class="language-nginx"># For parameters, the first valued obtained will be used.
# Therefore, more host-specific blocks should come first.

host tree7
    user banana

hoste tree*
    user cherry
    # can reference matched hostname with %h
    hostname %h.some-dns-path

# ssh tree7 -&gt; banana@tree7.some-dns-path
# ssh tree5 -&gt; cherry@tree5.some-dns-path
</code></pre>

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