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# lsof(8)
```markdown
lsof
-r <s> ..... repeatedly execute command ervery <s> seconds
-a ......... AND slection filters instead ORing (OR: default)
-p <pid> ... filter by <pid>
+fg ........ show file flags for file descripros
-n ......... don't convert network addr to hostnames
-P ......... don't convert network port to service names
-i <@h[:p]>. show connections to h (hostname|ip addr) with optional port p
-s <p:s> ... in conjunction with '-i' filter for protocol <p> in state <s>
-U ......... show unix domain sockets ('@' indicates abstract sock name, see unix(7))
```
```markdown
file flags:
R/W/RW ..... read/write/read-write
CR ......... create
AP ......... append
TR ......... truncate
```
```markdown
-s protocols
TCP, UDP
-s states (TCP)
CLOSED, IDLE, BOUND, LISTEN, ESTABLISHED, SYN_SENT, SYN_RCDV, ESTABLISHED,
CLOSE_WAIT, FIN_WAIT1, CLOSING, LAST_ACK, FIN_WAIT_2, TIME_WAIT
-s states (UDP)
Unbound, Idle
```
# Examples
## File flags
Show open files with file flags for process:
```markdown
lsof +fg -p <pid>
```
## Open TCP connections
Show open tcp connections for `$USER`:
```markdown
lsof -a -u $USER -i TCP
```
**Note**: `-a` _ands_ the results. If `-a` is not given all open files matching
`$USER` and all tcp connections are listed (_ored_).
## Open connection to specific host
Show open connections to `localhost` for `$USER`:
```markdown
lsof -a -u $USER -i @localhost
```
## Open connection to specific port
Show open connections to port `:1234` for `$USER`:
```markdown
lsof -a -u $USER -i :1234
```
## IPv4 TCP connections in `ESTABLISHED` state
```markdown
lsof -i 4TCP -s TCP:ESTABLISHED
```
## List open files in a mounted directory.
This may help to find which processes keep devices busy when trying to unmount
and the device is currently busy.
```markdown
# Assuming /proc is a mount point.
lsof /proc
```
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