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# qemu(1)
All the examples & notes use `qemu-system-x86_64` but in most cases
this can be swapped with the system emulator for other architectures.
## Keybindings
```markdown
Ctrl+Alt+g release mouse capture from VM
Ctrl+Alt+1 switch to display of VM
Ctrl+Alt+2 switch to qemu monitor
```
## VM config snippet
Following command-line gives a good starting point to assemble a VM:
```bash
qemu-system-x86_64 \
-cpu host -enable-kvm -smp 4 \
-m 8G \
-vga virtio -display sdl,gl=on \
-boot menu=on \
-cdrom <iso> \
-hda <disk> \
-device qemu-xhci,id=xhci \
-device usb-host,bus=xhci.0,vendorid=0x05e1,productid=0x0408,id=capture-card
```
### CPU & RAM
- `-cpu host` emulate host CPU in guest VM
- `-enable-kvm` use KVM instead software models (requires KVM on host machine)
- `-smp <N>` number of guest CPUs
> List available CPUs `qemu-system-x86_64 -cpu help`.
- `-m 8G` size of guest RAM
### Graphic & Display
- `-vga virtio` use virtio as 3D video graphic accelerator (requires virgl in guest)
- `-display sdl,gl=on` use sdl window and enable openGL context
### Boot Menu
- `-boot menu=on` enables boot menu to select boot device (enter with `ESC`)
### Block devices
- `-cdrom <iso>` attach cdrom drive with iso to a VM
- `-hda <disk>` attach disk drive to a VM
- `-drive file=<file>,format=qcow2` generic way to configure & attach a drive to a VM
#### Create a disk with [`qemu-img`][doc-qemu-img]
To create a `qcow2` disk (qemu copy-on-write) of size `10G`:
```bash
qemu-img create -f qcow2 disk.qcow2 10G
```
The disk does not contain any `partitions` or a `partition table`.
We can format the disk from __within the **guest**__ as following example:
```bash
# Create `gpt` partition table.
sudo parted /dev/sda mktable gpt
# Create two equally sized primary partitions.
sudo parted /dev/sda mkpart primary 0% 50%
sudo parted /dev/sda mkpart primary 50% 100%
# Create filesystem on each partition.
sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda1
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
lsblk -f /dev/sda
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1 ext3 ....
└─sda2 ext4 ....
```
### USB
#### Host Controller
- `-device qemu-xhci,id=xhci` add XHCI USB controller to the VM (supports USB 3.0, 2.0, 1.1). `id=xhci` creates a usb bus named `xhci`.
#### USB Device
- `-device usb-host,bus=xhci.0,vendorid=0x05e1,productid=0x0408` pass-through USB device from host identified by vendorid & productid and attach to usb bus `xhci.0` (defined with controller `id`)
## References
- [QEMU USB][doc-qemu-usb]
- [QEMU IMG][doc-qemu-img]
- [QEMU Tools][doc-qemu-tools]
- [QEMU System][doc-qemu-system]
[doc-qemu-usb]: https://github.com/qemu/qemu/blob/master/docs/usb2.txt
[doc-qemu-img]: https://qemu.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tools/qemu-img.html
[doc-qemu-tools]: https://qemu.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tools/index.html
[doc-qemu-system]: https://www.qemu.org/docs/master/system/index.html
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